Chapter 28: Transformations Around the Globe 1800-1914 Section 1: China Resists Outside Influence Objective: Discuss How Militarism & Political Alliances Brought the World to War

China and the West Did not need outside world Very proud 1700s, China had a strong farming economy Rice and peanuts Silk, cotton ceramics Salt, tin, silver, and Iron

China and the West China limited trade with Britain Favorable balance of trade Britain looking for something China wanted/needed

Opium 1800s, British smuggled Opium to China Heroin, Morphine 1835, 12 million+ people became addicted Opium War -War between Britain and China over the opium trade British took over Hong Kong 1842, Treaty of Nanjing to end war 1844, US and other countries gained extraterritorial rights - Rights of foreign residents to follow the laws of their own government rather than those of the host country Chinese resentment grew

Foreign Influence Grows The Taiping Rebellion was an attempt to overthrow the Cing Dynasty. It failed but it weakened China Late 1800s, Empress Cixi had some reforms because China was weakened by rebellion and famine Other countries took advantage of China’s weakness US wanted Open Door Policy - Policy proposed by the United States giving all nations equal opportunities to trade in China Europeans agreed End Result- China is Dominated by foreign powers

Society of Harmonious Fists Peasants formed SHF, also known as Boxers Wanted to get rid of Western influence The Boxer Rebellion 1900, Rebellion aimed at ending foreign influence in China Nationalism increases Rebellion squashed by multi-national army

Chapter 28: Transformations Around the Globe 1800-1914 Section 2: Modernization in Japan Objective: Explain why Japan ended its isolation • Trace the growth of Japanese imperialism

Japan Ends Isolation 1600-1800’s – Japan was mostly isolated Refused to trade 1853, American war ships entered Japanese waters (Commodore William Perry) 1854, Treaty of Kanagawa -Treaty between the United States and Japan opening trade between the two nations Japan opened up to Europe shortly thereafter

Change in Government Many did not agree with these negotiations Emperor Mutsuhito overthrew the shogun (military dictator) Meiji era- Period of rule by Emperor Mutsuhito from 1867 to 1912

Emperor modernized Japan Based on what officials saw in Europe and US Government and Army modeled after Germany Navy modeled by Britain Education modeled by US Changes in Economy Mined for Coal Railroads Factories

Japan Dominates Asia Forced Europeans to give up special privileges Sino-Japanese War- Japan went to war with China Drove China out of Korea Gained Taiwan + other islands Russo–Japanese War- War between Russia and Japan fought in 1904 For control of China’s Manchurian territory Japan surprised the world Japan attacked Korea Korea became a protectorate 1910, Japan annexed (added) Korea

Harsh Japanese Rule Shut down Korean Newspapers Taught only Japanese history and language Took land from Korean farmers and gave to Japanese Built Japanese only factories No new Korean businesses

Chapter 28: Transformations Around the Globe 1800-1914 Section 3: U.S. Economic Imperialism Objective: Discuss U.S. Economic Imperialism in Latin America

Problems in independent Latin America Most worked on farms, poor Political problems Caudillo – military dictator Poor people had no power Only property owners vote Reformers quickly removed from office

Economies Grow Under Foreign Influence Britain and US became main trading partners Businesses soon controlled countries

Latin American Empire 1823, US President James Monroe issued Monroe Doctrine – US statement of opposition to European influence in the Americas Latin American Economies Depended on Exports

International Police 1904, President Roosevelt says US is international Police Power Roosevelt Corollary

Panama Controlled by Colombia US offered Colombia $10 million to build Panama Canal Colombia wanted more money US helped Panamanians rebel US built Panama Canal in 1914

Chapter 28: Transformations Around the Globe 1800-1914 Section 4: Turmoil and Change in Mexico Objective: Understand the Effects of War and Reform in Mexico

Santa Anna and the Mexican War Antonio López de Santa Anna Fought for Mexican independence from Spain Served as president 4 times

Santa Anna Vs Texas 1830s, Texas won independence from Mexico 1840s, United States annexed Texas Angered Mexicans

Mexican American War Border dispute arose (Rio Grande/Nueces River) Santa Anna lost Mexico surrendered a LOT of land

La Reforma Benito Juarez – leader of La Reforma La Reforma - Movement in Mexico aimed at achieving land reform, better education, and other goals (Began in 1854) Break the power of the large landowners 1858, Juarez won control of Mexico 1862, Conservatives and Napoleon III from France captured Mexico in 18 months Juarez and his followers took 5 years to finally remove French from Mexico

After Juarez 1872, Juarez died Porfirio Díaz Dictator who came to power after Juárez In power for 30+ years Porfirio Diaz restored order but limited political freedom Diaz was challenged by Francisco Madero (Madero sought democratic principles)

Calls for Reform “Pancho” Villa -Popular leader of the Mexican revolution Emiliano Zapata Leader of a powerful revolutionary army Both raised armies to overthrow Diaz, Madero takes over