New Technologies Wireless Communication Really Personal Computers Network Object-Oriented Processing The Changing Internet The Next Big Thing

Wireless Communication Site Wireless Networking –For large site networks with many stations Bluetooth –For a few devices close to one another –Personal area networking May Interfere with Each Other if Both are Implemented

Wireless Communication Metropolitan Wireless Networking –For an urban area –Exists now, but slow (around 9,600 bps) –Soon 100 kbps –Megabit (up to 3 Mbps) services coming –Will make notebooks, etc. far more useful Satellite Wireless Networking –Megabit speeds anywhere

Wireless Communication Cellular Systems –Service area is broken up into several small areas called cells

Wireless Communication Cellular Systems –Within each cell, there is a cellsite that transmits to and receives from cellular devices Cellsite

Wireless Communication Cellular Systems –Channel reuse. Channels can be reused in non- adjacent cells No Yes No Yes No Yes No Uses Channel 232 Can Reuse Ch. 232? Channel 232 Used in 4 cells

Wireless Communication Cellular Systems –Channel reuse is very important because available frequencies are very limited

Wireless Communication The Wireless Revolution –New freedom for users –Anything, anytime, anywhere –Likely to spawn new applications

Really Personal Computing Both Desktop PCs and Notebook PCs are Large –This limits their portability

Really Personal Computing Many Future Access Devices Will be Smaller –Personal digital assistants (PDAs) –Cellphones –Etc.

Really Personal Computing New “Form Factors” –Size and shape

Cellphone Access Cellphones will be Very Popular for Internet Access –Cellphones are very widespread In Japan, the number of cellphones passed the number of wired phones in early 2000 This is happening in other countries as well The U.S. is somewhat behind because it did not settle on the world cellphone standard, GSM

Cellphone Access Cellphones will be Very Popular for Internet Access –Almost all cellphones are now being built with Internet access capability –International Data Corporation predicts that by the end of 2002 there will be more wireless devices accessing the Internet than wired devices; cellphones will be the most popular

Cellphone Access Starting to have small displays capable of showing a few lines of data Good for short messages Good for data retrieval if query is very targeted May be supplemented with voice generation so that cellphones can speak the answer

Cellphone Access Wireless Access Protocol (WAP) –Emerging standard for cellphone web access –Also for other small devices, such as personal digital assistants (PDAs)

Cellphone Access Wireless Markup Language (WML) –Way of formatting webpages for small displays –Simpler than HTML –Reformatting may be expensive –Part of WAP

Cellphone Access Wireless Access Protocol (WAP) –Device will communicate over the Internet with WAP server via WAP protocols rather than with webservers directly Wireless Carrier WAP Protocols WAP Protocols WAP Server

Cellphone Access Wireless Access Protocol (WAP) –WAP server may get content from full webserver using full webservice protocols (HTTP, TCP), probably translating webpages to WML Wireless Carrier WAP Server Webservice Protocols Full Webserver

The Problem of Input Keyboards –Cannot be too small and still allow typing Voice Input –Not very accurate, especially in real (noisy) environments –Not private

Network Object-Oriented Processing Traditional Object-Oriented Programming –Programs consist of many objects (forms, buttons, etc.) –Objects send messages to one another to ask others to do certain tasks by executing methods OBJ Message

Network Object-Oriented Processing Network Object-Oriented Programming (NOOP) –Objects can run on multiple machines –Still communicate by sending messages OBJ Message

Network Object-Oriented Processing NOOP takes advantage of available capacity on computers on the network –If computer has idle capacity, it will be sent objects OBJ

Network Object-Oriented Processing NOOP Standards are Needed for Object- Object Communication –Microsoft’s standards are DCOM and.NET –CORBA is a competing consortium standard OBJ

The Changing Internet Today’s Internet –Throughput is too low –Delays (Latencies) are too long –Reliability is too slow Need a “Business Class Internet” –Faster –Lower Latency –High reliability

The Changing Internet Two Classes of Service? –Regular versus Business Class? –Haves versus Have-Nots?

The Changing Internet Speeds –Gigabit to the desktop –Will make entirely new applications possible –Internet2 (Abeline)

The Next Big Thing The PC Revolution of the 1980s was not anticipated The Internet Revolution of the 1990s was not anticipated Will the future simply be an extension of the past, or will there be a Next Big Thing?