Foundations of Social Media RTV 453

Legacy media vs. new media  Is Social Media a new form of media?  Is Interactive Media a different new form of media?  Is Cloud Computing related to where ‘digital media’ is going?  Will there be newspapers in 50 years?  Radio? TV channels? Movies? Plays being performed?  Vaudeville example…  Will the ‘marketplace of goods’ be replaced by ‘information exchange’?  Will ‘high culture’ disappear?

What is Social Media?  Origin of computers (next pages)  Abacus, analytical engine (1800s), electronic computing (1900s)  Origin of the Internet  Sputnik, Pentagon / ARPA, legislation, hardware & software  Origin of personal computers (1960s-70s)  Next page  Virtual realities?  Change from tool for calculating to tool for communicating

History of Computers - Long, Long Ago  beads on rods to count and calculate!

History of Computers - Way Back When Slide Rule 1630 based on Napier’s rules for logarithms used until 1970s

History of Computers - 19th Century  Joseph Marie Jacquard  First stored program - metal cards  Did no computing  first computer manufacturing  still in use

Charles Babbage  Difference Engine c.1822  huge calculator, never finished  Analytical Engine 1833  could store numbers  calculating “mill” used punched metal cards for instructions  powered by steam!  accurate to six decimal places  Inspiration for Herman Hollerith for 1890 census

Vacuum Tubes  First Generation Electronic Computers used Vacuum Tubes  Vacuum tubes are glass tubes with circuits inside.  Vacuum tubes have no air inside of them, which protects the circuitry.

UNIVAC –  first fully electronic digital computer built in the U.S.  Created at the University of Pennsylvania  contained 18,000 vacuum tubes  Cost $487,000  ENIAC that preceded it (late 1940s) weighed 30 tons

Grace Hopper ( )  Programmed UNIVAC  Recipient of Computer Science’s first “Man of the Year Award”  First compiler for a computer programming language, led to COBOL

First Transistor  Used Silicon (semiconductor)  developed in 1948  won a Nobel prize  on-off switch  2nd Generation Computers used Transistors, starting in 1956

Second Generation –  1956 – Computers began to incorporate Transistors  Replaced vacuum tubes with Transistors  Beginning process of making computers smaller  ‘transistor radios’ in the 1950 made music portable

Integrated Circuits  Third Generation Computers used Integrated Circuits (chips).  Integrated Circuits are transistors, resistors, and capacitors integrated together into a single “chip”  First one made by Texas Instruments in 1958

Third Generation –   Integrated Circuit  Operating System  Getting smaller, cheaper

The First Microprocessor – 1971  The 4004 had 2,250 transistors  four-bit chunks (four 1’s or 0’s)  108Khz  Called “Microchip”

What is a Microchip?  Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit (VLSIC)  Transistors, resistors, and capacitors  4004 had 2,250 transistors  Pentium IV had 42 MILLION transistors  Each transistor 0.13 microns (10 -6 meters)

4 th Generation – began 1971  MICROCHIPS!  Getting smaller and smaller, but we are still using microchip technology

Birth of Personal Computers  256 byte memory (not Kilobytes or Megabytes)  2 MHz Intel 8080 chips  Just a box with flashing lights  cost $395 kit, $495 assembled.

Over the past 50 years, the Electronic Computer has evolved rapidly. Connections:  Which evolved from the other, which was an entirely new creation  vacuum tube  integrated circuit  transistor  microchip

Evolution of Electronics  Vacuum Tube – a dinosaur without a modern lineage  Do vacuum tubes still exist?  Transistor  Integrated Circuit  Microchip  Another major development in recent years  Flash memory

First Mass Market PC

IBM PC  IBM-Intel-Microsoft joint venture  ‘instigated by’ IBM as reaction to Macintosh  First wide-selling personal computer used in business  8088 Microchip - 29,000 transistors  4.77 Mhz processing speed  256 K RAM (Random Access Memory) standard  One or two floppy disk drives  Open architecture (except ROM BIOS)

Apple Computers  Founded 1977  Apple II released 1977  widely used in schools  Macintosh (left)  released in 1984, Motorola Microchip processor  first commercial computer with graphical user interface (GUI) and pointing device (mouse)  First GUI: Xerox PARC

21 st Century Computing  Great increases in speed, storage, and memory  Increased networking, speed in Internet  Broadband growth  Netbooks / iPad / tablets  Smart Phones  Impact of touch technology  3G to 4G (3-5 Mbps / 8-10 Mbps)

What’s next for computers?  Use your imagination to come up with what the coming years hold for computers.  What can we expect in two years?  What can we expect in twenty years?  Voice interface? -- wearable computers?  Cloud computing growth  True ubiquity?  Interface among almost all devices?  Smart cars, smart electronics, etc.

What is Social Media?  Fad or future?  IPO Facebook failure  Decline of Apple shares  How do you pay the bills?  How do you meet life’s basic needs?  Media jobs: content creation, distribution, sales  New media jobs? ??????

Before the Internet rolled out  Electronic Bulletin Boards  CompuServe  America Online  The WELL  Early ‘chat rooms’  Hypertext  Vannevar Bush first proposed the basics of hypertext in 1945  Tim Berners-Lee et al in 1990: html, WWW  Multimedia

The early web pages  Public Relations extension  Like a magazine (text and words)  shovelware

Users (audience)  Just like newspapers, magazines, radio TV …  An audience (market) exists  Are YOU trying to reach them with your content?  Or, is another company trying to reach them based on this form of ‘content distribution’?

Components of the social media  Chit-chat  Sharing  Commenting  Wikis  UGC  Everyone has a voice (digital democracy)  Technologically-replaced intermediation (Second Life)

Predicting the future  Anthropology and Sociology Anthropology  But what’s next?  The Machine is Using Us The Machine is Using Us  The semantic web The semantic web  Ubiquitous instant communication

What got us here  Broadband applied to all that went before  Speed and storage  Innovation and profit seeking  Popular culture / ‘common person power’  Steve Jobs and similar people

Communication application?  How are you using social media?  How are people making money using social media?  How are you spending money that’s connected to social media?  How are your relationships with others changing?  How are your relationships with products and services changing?

Industry insider, 2014 NBS convention…  Erik Deutsch: PR was about getting his clients exposure.  NOW: it‘s about content creation—so everyone needs to know how to create content, especially video / shooting & editing skills.  Also says “don’t get too involved in the latest ‘shiny object’  Always go back to basic communication skills, strategies and tactics.  The critical skills remains: how to write well.