Expansion of the Country Ch 16 & 17 Manifest Destiny

Essential Vocabulary 1 Chapt Tejanos (490) 2. Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana (494) 3. Battle of the Alamo (494) 4. Texas Revolution (494) 5. Texas annexation (498) 6. Sam Houston (496) 7. Texas Constitution (496)

Essential Vocabulary 1 Chapt 17 Sect 1 & 2 1. Manifest Destiny 2. John O. Sullivan 3. James Polk 4. Presidential Election of Mexican Cession 6. Mexican War 7. Henry David Thoreau 8. Treaty of Guadalupe

Essential Vocabulary 1 Chapt 17 Sect 3 & 4 1. Santa Fe Trail 2. Mormon Trail 3. Joseph Smith 4. Brigham Young 5. Mormons 6. California Gold Rush 7. forty-niners 8. Levi Strauss

Spanish West and Southwest Review: What country controlled Mexico? Review: What country controlled Mexico? Why? Why? Mexico (current day Texas plus land south) Mexico (current day Texas plus land south) Spanish built missions in Texas Spanish built missions in Texas Dangerous because missions were far apart and Spanish fought Native Americans Dangerous because missions were far apart and Spanish fought Native Americans Spain wanted settlers in Texas so offered land to settle there –Tejanos (those who settled in Texas) Spain wanted settlers in Texas so offered land to settle there –Tejanos (those who settled in Texas) Mexico gained independence from Spain Mexico gained independence from Spain

Texas gains independence from Mexico New Mexican republic wants to bring settlers to Texas—offered land to settlers (sounds like when Spain offered land to _________ to settle in Mexico) New Mexican republic wants to bring settlers to Texas—offered land to settlers (sounds like when Spain offered land to _________ to settle in Mexico) Americans settle in Texas, raising cattle Americans settle in Texas, raising cattle Mexico wants Americans to be Mexican citizens: follow laws, be Catholic—but Americans ignore Mexican laws Mexico wants Americans to be Mexican citizens: follow laws, be Catholic—but Americans ignore Mexican laws Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna elected president of Mexico and suspended Mexican constitution Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna elected president of Mexico and suspended Mexican constitution American Stephen Austin called for rebellion against Mexico American Stephen Austin called for rebellion against Mexico

Texas Revolution Fighting begins between American settlers and Santa Anna’s troops and those who suspended the constitution Fighting begins between American settlers and Santa Anna’s troops and those who suspended the constitution ALAMO- ALAMO- 189 American troops occupied a small mission in San Antonio (the Alamo) 189 American troops occupied a small mission in San Antonio (the Alamo) Santa Anna’s troops surrounded the Alamo and killed all of the American troops, only a few women survived to tell the story Santa Anna’s troops surrounded the Alamo and killed all of the American troops, only a few women survived to tell the story “Remember the Alamo!” became a rallying cry for Texan independence “Remember the Alamo!” became a rallying cry for Texan independence

Davey Crockett’s Last Stand at the Alamo

Texas becomes a Republic Wrote Constitution that was modeled after the US Constitution and US Declaration of Independence Wrote Constitution that was modeled after the US Constitution and US Declaration of Independence Review: Who wrote the US Declaration of Independence? Review: Who wrote the US Declaration of Independence? Review: whose ideas of natural rights did he use in the Declaration? Review: whose ideas of natural rights did he use in the Declaration? Sam Houston became the commander in chief of the Texas army Sam Houston became the commander in chief of the Texas army Defeated Santa Anna’s troops at the Battle of San Jacinto Defeated Santa Anna’s troops at the Battle of San Jacinto Texas becomes a Republic with capital at Houston Texas becomes a Republic with capital at Houston Sam Houston elected President Sam Houston elected President Texas asked the US to annex it Texas asked the US to annex it

Key Figures in Texas Independence, 1836 Sam Houston ( ) Steven Austin ( )

The Republic of Texas

Annexation of Texas US President Andrew Jackson worried about adding Texas to the US US President Andrew Jackson worried about adding Texas to the US 1. Texas was a slave state and adding it to the US would upset the balance of slave and free states 2. Mexico did not recognize Texas’ independence and annexing Texas to the US would anger Mexico Rather than annexing Texas, Jackson recognized Texas as an independent nation Rather than annexing Texas, Jackson recognized Texas as an independent nation

Manifest Destiny It expressed the belief that it was Anglo-Saxon Americans' providential mission to expand their civilization and institutions across the breadth of North America. This expansion would involve not merely territorial aggrandizement but the progress of liberty and individual economic opportunity as well. It expressed the belief that it was Anglo-Saxon Americans' providential mission to expand their civilization and institutions across the breadth of North America. This expansion would involve not merely territorial aggrandizement but the progress of liberty and individual economic opportunity as well. Terms first used by John O’Sullivan, a New York Editor Terms first used by John O’Sullivan, a New York Editor

Americans Move West & Presidential Election of 1844 President John Tyler encouraged westward expansion President John Tyler encouraged westward expansion Tyler wanted to annex Texas Tyler wanted to annex Texas Review: define Annex: Review: define Annex: Review: What issue made the annexation of Texas controversial? Review: What issue made the annexation of Texas controversial? Tyler was so much in favor of slavery and the annexation of Texas that his party, the Whigs, selected another candidate for President—Henry Clay Tyler was so much in favor of slavery and the annexation of Texas that his party, the Whigs, selected another candidate for President—Henry Clay James Polk, of the Democratic Party, was very much in favor of annexing Texas AND Oregon James Polk, of the Democratic Party, was very much in favor of annexing Texas AND Oregon 1844 Election: Polk defeated Clay and westward expansion strengthened 1844 Election: Polk defeated Clay and westward expansion strengthened

James K. Polk: “Young Hickory” Democrat/Fierce Expansionist- Embodiment of Manifest Destiny Democrat/Fierce Expansionist- Embodiment of Manifest Destiny Won presidency over Whigs in 1844  Tyler saw it as a go ahead to acquire Texas (3 days before he left office) Won presidency over Whigs in 1844  Tyler saw it as a go ahead to acquire Texas (3 days before he left office) Arranged annexation of Texas by joint resolution because the needed 2/3 vote would never be secured in senate because of the slavery issue Arranged annexation of Texas by joint resolution because the needed 2/3 vote would never be secured in senate because of the slavery issue Texas become 28th state in 1845 after resolution passed Texas become 28th state in 1845 after resolution passed

Mexican American War Mexico Angry over Annexation of Texas Mexico Angry over Annexation of Texas Polk and Expansionists wanted California too (another area owned by Mexico) Polk and Expansionists wanted California too (another area owned by Mexico) Polk tried to buy California + New Mexico for $30 Billion---Mexico refused Polk tried to buy California + New Mexico for $30 Billion---Mexico refused July 1845 Polk sent General Zachary Taylor and 1,500 troops to Texas, near the border July 1845 Polk sent General Zachary Taylor and 1,500 troops to Texas, near the border Dispute- Mexico did not recognize the Rio Grande River as the boundary between US and Mexico. Dispute- Mexico did not recognize the Rio Grande River as the boundary between US and Mexico. April war began when Mexican troops entered Texas territory and American troops fired April war began when Mexican troops entered Texas territory and American troops fired

The Mexican War ( )

Responses to the Mexican War Many members of the Whig party were not in favor of the war—especially those against expansion Many members of the Whig party were not in favor of the war—especially those against expansion Henry David Thoreau- a writer who protested the war by going to jail for not paying taxes to support the Mexican War Henry David Thoreau- a writer who protested the war by going to jail for not paying taxes to support the Mexican War Abolitionists were opposed to the war including Ralph Waldo Emerson Abolitionists were opposed to the war including Ralph Waldo Emerson

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848  Mexico gave up its claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River.  Mexican Cession--Mexico gave up claims to much of its northern lands including present day:  California, New Mexico, Utah, Arizona, Nevada  What issue would this stir up?  U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico  Mexico gave up its claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River.  Mexican Cession--Mexico gave up claims to much of its northern lands including present day:  California, New Mexico, Utah, Arizona, Nevada  What issue would this stir up?  U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico

The Mexican Cession

SETTLERS MOVE WEST Trails develop to lead settlers west Trails develop to lead settlers west Oregon Trail Oregon Trail Santa Fe Trail Santa Fe Trail Mormons move west Mormons move west religious group founded by Joseph Smith religious group founded by Joseph Smith Brigham Young led the Mormons west to present day Utah to escape persecution Brigham Young led the Mormons west to present day Utah to escape persecution Gold Rush leads settlers to California Gold Rush leads settlers to California John Sutter found gold at his Sutter’s Mill John Sutter found gold at his Sutter’s Mill California Gold Rush started in 1849 California Gold Rush started in 1849 Migrants to California known as Forty-Niners- mostly single men Migrants to California known as Forty-Niners- mostly single men

Settlers Move West on the Santa Fe and Oregon Trails

California Gold Rush, er’s

California Gold Production Was gold production constant or changing? About when did gold production peak?

Effects of Gold Rush Settlers moved to California which led to statehood and another free state Settlers moved to California which led to statehood and another free state Job Opportunities: Levi Strauss, a German immigrant, invented durable denim work pants for mine workers Job Opportunities: Levi Strauss, a German immigrant, invented durable denim work pants for mine workers Most miners did not become rich Most miners did not become rich