Section 9-3 Expansion in Texas Mr. King CCHS

Mexico Under Spanish Rule Spain controlled Mexico for 300 years  establishes mission to convert Native Americans to Christianity  missions decline in the early 1800s Mexican settlers begin to conflict with Native Americans  Tejanos vs. Comanche & Apache 1821: Mexico wins their independence from Spain

Impact of Mexican Independence Trade increases between Mexico’s northern provinces and the United States (TX-NM-AZ-CA-UT-CO) Mexico’s government has difficulty governing vast lands  ignoring their northern provinces  Native Americans still a threat

Americans in Mexican Texas Americans are invited to the region of Tejas by the Mexican government in 1821  Empressarios (land grant agents) offer land to U.S. settlers  13 cents/acre Americans had to promise to obey Mexican laws and observe the Catholic Religion MAD DASH TO MEXICO!!!  made by Americans & Europeans

Stephen F. Austin Most successful empresario  gathered 300 families to move to Texas (Old Three Hundred)  they were exempt from paying taxes and received 177 acres By 1830, 20,000 Americans moved to Texas

The Old Three Hundred

U.S. Offers to Buy Texas U.S. slogan: “Go to Texas” Americans wanting to extend U.S. boundaries to the Rio Grande River John Quincy Adams offers Mexico $1 million Andrew Jackson offers Mexico $5 million Mexico refuses  regrets encouraging Americans to settle there

Causes of Tension with Mexico More people were Anglo than Mexican  45,000  5,000 African Am.  12,000 N.Am.  3,500 Tejanos Slavery: Mexico outlawed slavery in 1824 but U.S. southern slave owners brought slaves Government: Anglos believed in States’ Rights but Mexicans believe in strong central government April 6,1830: Mexico seals their borders  feared Americans would take Texas  places import tax on Am. goods

Conflict with Mexico Santa Anna Mexico begins to enforce their laws on white settlers in Texas Mexican general Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna becomes dictator in Mexico  he intends to drive Americans out of Texas Santa Anna has Stephen F. Austin arrested for promoting revolution  rebellions break out Santa Anna

Texans Take Action October 1835 - Texans clash w/ Mexican troops at Gonzalas December 1835 - Texans occupied San Antonio and take up positions in an old Spanish mission called Alamo

The Alamo

Siege at The Alamo William Travis February 23rd, 1836  Santa Anna laid siege to the Alamo Texans poorly equipped  less than 200 vs. 6,000 Mexican troops Texans declared independence for the Republic of Texas on March 2, 1836.  during the siege Santa Anna and his men swarm the garrison  187 Texans die  including Jim Bowie, Davy Crockett and Commander William Travis William Travis

Davey Crockett’s Last Stand

Texan Independence Sam Houston Sam Houston made Commander of Texan Army Battle of San Jacinto:  Battle Cry of “ Remember the Alamo”  The battle lasted only 18 minutes.  Texans killed 630 Mexican troops and captured 700 more. The day after the Battle of San Jacinto, the Texans captured Santa Anna and made him sign a treaty granting Texas independence. Sam Houston

Battle of San Jacinto

Battle of San Jacinto

Treaty of Velasco May 14th, 1836 Texas becomes an independent country Sam Houston becomes president of Texas - Texas referred to as “The Lone Star Republic” 1838: Texas asks U.S. to be annexed  issue of slavery (sectionalism) will keep Texas out of U.S. until 1845 Texas will continue to dispute boundary with Mexico

Treaty of Velasco

Sam Houston Sam Houston is known as one of the best war heroes in Texas history. After the Texans won their independence, he was elected the first president. When Texas became a state, he was elected to the Congress of The United States.

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Santa Anna is known as the villain of Texas History. After he was captured and signed the treaty that gave Texas its independence, he was banned from Mexico. After about 15 years he was allowed to come back into the country.

Stephen Austin Austin is remembered mostly for leading the people from Utah to Texas before the War. He is also remembered for his contributions before, during, and after the war. He died of a disease right after the war.