Chapter 12, Section 1 The Lone Star Republic Cornell Notes

Section 1: Sam Houston’s Government Houston forms a Government President : Vice President & Secretary of State Capital City President: Sam Houston Vice President: Mirabeau B. Lamar They wanted to join the U.S. right away. Secretary of State: Stephen F. Austin- but he only served a few weeks, he died of pneumonia. President Houston declared “The Father of Texas is no more. The first pioneer of the wilderness has departed.” John K. Allen and his brother Augustus founded Houston on the Buffalo Bayou. Dec. 1836 congress designated Houston as the capital for three years. Early visitors commented on the muddy streets, crudely built houses and swarms of mosquitoes.

Section 1: Sam Houston’s Government Houston Faces Trouble with the Army: The United States Delays Annexation: Many latecomers wanted to invade Mexico, President Houston wanted no part of that. -war would be costly -quick end to the new republic President Houston sent all but 600 soldiers home on leave and never recalled them to duty. Texans Want to be apart of US: 1. Most had emigrated from the U.S. 2. Wanted U.S. Protection 3. Strong Cultural ties Annexation: to incorporate a country or territory into another county or territory. U.S. Delays because: 1. Mexico refused to recognize Texas’ independence- the U.S. didn’t want to annex Texas if it meant damaging relations with Mexico 2. Texas would be entering as a slave state and would tip the balance of power in the U.S. Senate

Section 1: Sam Houston’s Government Recognition as a Nation: U.S.A. European Countries European & U.S. wanted … What did the following countries believe about Texas at first and what did they end up doing? Didn’t officially recognize Texas for several months. President Jackson sent Henry Morfit to Texas on a fact finding Mission Morfit reported: Texas could not keep its independence if Mexico invaded Wharton and Hunt were sent to Washington D.C. to convince Congress- March 1837 – President Jackson granted official recognition of Texas. Houston sent J. Pinckney Henderson to obtain recognition and negotiate commercial tries with France and Great Britain. -Hesitated because they did not want to offend Mexico - Believed that Texas would quickly be annexed by the U.S. Recognition France: September 25, 1839 Great Britain: 1840 Netherlands: 1840 Looking for ways to limit the U.S. expansion. U.S. did not want European countries to have a foothold on the continent.

Section 1: Sam Houston’s Government Native Americans and Texan Conflicts: President Houston took the following actions: Which tribes were a problem & what did they do: Wichitas, Comanches, Kiowas and other Native Americans resented newcomers . They began a series of raids in 1836 that lasted for several years. *Cynthia Ann Parker 1. Called on the Texas Rangers to patrol central Texas. 2. February 1836 Treaty - Houston tried to reach an agreement with the Cherokees during the Texas Revolution- Cherokees promised to remain peaceful during the Texas fight for independence, in return for titles to their land. Later Texas refused to accept this treaty and the Cherokees did not receive titles to their land.

Section 1: Sam Houston’s Government Texas Debt Soars The Release of Santa Anna When he returned to Mexico Expenditures: money paid out Revenue: money received Debt: supplies and equipment of the revolution. It was $1.25 million when Houston became president Solution: 1. Placed tariffs, or taxes on various goods imported into Texas 2. Imposed property taxes 3. Business Taxes 4. Land title fees By the time Houston left office, Texas debt climbed to $2 million Texans hoped that the release of Santa Anna would improve relations with Mexico. Renounced all promised he had made to Texas and declared that he had left politics forever. Within a few years, he was back in power Mexico still refused to recognize the independence of Texas.