Peat and GHG Science- KFCP REDD+ Demonstration Grahame Applegate Indonesia- Australia Forest Carbon Partnership International Indonesia Peatland Conversation.

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Peat and GHG Science- KFCP REDD+ Demonstration Grahame Applegate Indonesia- Australia Forest Carbon Partnership International Indonesia Peatland Conversation February 25-27, 2013 Bandung, Indonesia

Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia REDD+ demonstration activity in the Ex-Mega Rice Project area in Central Kalimantan which aims to: – Develop methodologies for REDD+ in peat swamp forests – Inform UNFCCC negotiations on REDD+ – Facilitate Indonesian participation in future international carbon markets Supported by a A$47 m commitment from Government of Australia

Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia KFCP, Central Kalimantan, IndonesiaLand Cover in KFCP Site in 2010

Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership Activities International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia 1.Physical and ecological interventions (peatland rehabilitation- canal blocking, PSF nursery production reforestation, tatas blocking and alternative livelihood development ) 2.Social and economic incentives 3.Baseline and changes to peatland carbon stocks and monitoring 4.Governance and payment mechanisms 5.Supporting research, M&E, and capacity building

Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia Component 2: Emissions Estimation &Monitoring KFCP GHG emissions estimation and monitoring program established and linked to INCAS. Component 2: Emissions Estimation &Monitoring KFCP GHG emissions estimation and monitoring program established and linked to INCAS.

Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia Develop a science-based methodology for estimating changes in forest biomass and GHG emissions from peat lands Apply the methodology to estimate the pattern of historical forest changes and emissions Develop methods to forecast the effects of REDD+ interventions (canal blocking, fire management, reforestation, livelihooods) on changes to the forest and future GHG emissions

Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia 1.Tropical peat and green house gas emissions science 2.Peatland/forest and hydrology monitoring for inputs into the greenhouse gas emissions accounting model and changes to PSF

1. Peat Science International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia KFCP has undertaken a comprehensive “Review of the science underpinning a methodology for GHG accounting in tropical peat lands” KFCP has developed a “Framework methodology for estimation of GHG emissions from tropical peat lands in Indonesia” Characterisation of peat including; bulk density, moisture content and ash content and ignition probability estimates Determine GHG emission factors from fire in tropical peat Develop a modelling platform to be used to establish the temporal pattern of carbon emissions for the KFCP site and surrounding region. The approach is consistent with IPCC GHG accounting methodology Understand degrading peat carbon loss dynamics in peatland Forest biomass and carbon content of peat swamp forests (disturbance classes) including root biomass and root:shoot ratios

2. Peat & Hydrology Monitoring International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia Long time monitoring to evaluate the impact of hydrological rehabilitation by: Groundwater monitoring using dipwells over 80 km of transect – 3+ years Establishing and monitor a series of steel subsidence poles and elevation surveys Regular monitoring of canal surface water tables using stream gauges Recording rainfall using rain gauges Measuring temperature of top soil on the transects Measuring canal discharges near the transects

Hydrological Monitoring Parameters International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia ParameterInstruments TypeNumber Instruments/LocationsMethodeUnitFrequency of Monitoring Groundwater LevelDipwell460 locations (KFCP) 14 locations (MP-EMRP) 41 Locations (CKPP) Manual, Bubble TubecmMonthly Surface Water LevelStaff Gauge, Diver Transduser 50 locations (KFCP) 3 Diver transducer (KFCP), 8 locations (MP-EMRP), 8 locations (CKPP) Manual and Automatic Logger cmMonthly and every 60 minutes for 3 locations Logger- transducer PrecipitationRain Gauge5 locations daily measurements 12 locations monthly measurements (KFCP) ManualmmDaily and monthly Discharge)Float50 locationsManual, Velocity Area Method, Float m 3 /secMonthly

Peat Characteristics and Monitoring Parameters International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia ParameterInstruments TypeNumber Instruments/LocationsMethodUnitFrequency of Monitoring Land (Peat) Subsidence Subsidence Pole68 Locations (KFCP) 3 Locations (MP-EMRP) Manual, Tape (Steel) Measure mmMonthly TemperatureDigital thermometersAt each locations subsidence pole- 0C0CMonthly ElevationWater Level, Water HoseAbout 80 km along transect monitoring hydrology and peat and about 70 km transect additional measurements of peat depth in Block E PLG Manual, Water levelcmOne time Peat DepthHand AugerAt each site installation and Subsidence dipwell pole, 293 observation points (about 90 km long transect) Manual, 3 replication for each location cmOne time Bulk DensitySoil Pits, Ring and Box Sample 45 locations, 20 cm depth intervals to a depth of 200 cm Gravimetricg/cm 3 One time Moisture ContentSoil Pits45 locations, 20 cm depth intervals to a depth of 200cm Gravimetric%One time Ash ContentSoil Pits45 locations, 20 cm depth intervals to a depth of 200cm Loss on Ignition (LOI) %One time Humification DegreeSoil Pits45 locations, 20 cm depth intervals to a depth of 200cm Manual, Von Post Scale -One time Root / woody below ground biomass Soil Pits45 locations, 20 cm depth intervals to a depth of 200cm Soil pits-One time

Lidar Survey International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia Point density of 2/m 2 is sufficient Discrete return LIDAR has better accuracy than full-waveform for topography LIDAR used for subsidence monitoring - 5 to 10 years, cost- IDR 18,500 /ha Peat dome shape for head heights for canal blocking LIDAR to determine DTM based on the minimum value in 100x100 m cells Determine extent of flooding along the Kapuas River Biomass determination

KFCP Experience in Peat Measurements and GHG Estimations International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia Comprehensive and reliable peatland data can only be obtained by: good design, planning, work plan, managing, and documenting data collection trained and experienced personnel under tight supervision credible and internationally accepted methodologies and practices SOP, guidebooks / manuals, and clear instruction on how to undertake the various monitoring tasks in the field

Relevance to Peatland Policy in Indonesia International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia Peatlands difficult to get consistently good quality data-all methods and information used for policy should be verified Clear relation between water table depth and carbon loss from oxidation and fire in space and time- supports canal blocking to reduce GHG emissions Lack of elevation and reliable peat depth lead to inaccurate assumptions on land suitability and vulnerability Solution- Lidar and other remote sensing in combination with credible field data(bulk density, elevation for DEMs and peat loss

Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia