Calculating UCT’s Carbon Footprint Aashikah Abdulla, Nicole Chetty, Tayla Geben, Numrata Manilall, Zahraa Mathews Staff and Student Commuting

Introduction

 Area of focus  Staff and Student Commuting (Including Jammie Shuttles), on Main Campus (upper, middle and lower), Hiddingh and Medical Campus  Scope 3 – indirect emissions as vehicles used for commuting are not owned by UCT

Introduction

What is a carbon footprint and why measure it?  Carbon footprint is seen as a measure of Green House Gas emissions that is caused by a product or service and is expressed in carbon dioxide equivalents and these emissions can be caused directly or indirectly by an activity or lifespan of the product or service

Relevant Data  Parking discs  Number of discs issued  Number of residence occupants that have parking discs  Student and Staff demographics  Total number of staff and students  Areas they commute from

Relevant data (continued…)  Jammie Shuttles  Total number of shuttles  Fuel consumption for 2012  Number of trip per route per day  Head count of shuttle users per month  Staff and Student commuting  How they commute to campus  Number of “Ridelink” participants

Data Sources  As suggested by the project manager:  Properties and services – Bruce Jansen  Centre of Transport Research – Marianne Vanderschuren  Carolyn McGibbon  UCT Website  Survey  Green Campus Initiative - Joe Mayson

Data Gathered  Total number of staff and students  Number of parking discs issued  Geographical map of staff and student residence up to ~6.73 km from campus  A sample through the paper based survey of:  Modes of transport used by staff and students  Average distance travelled to campus  Reasons for not using the Jammie shuttles

Area Distribution AreaSuburbs Average KM from campus Area 1 Bellville, Hout Bay, Mitchell's Plain, Muizenberg, Parklands, Table View 25 km Area 2 Camps Bay, Elsiesrivier, Dieprivier, Montague Gardens, Parow, Philippi 18 km Area 3 Canal Walk, Cape Town, Epping, Goodwood, Kenilworth, Milnerton, Wynberg 11 km Area 4 Athlone, Claremont, Maitland, Newlands, Pinelands, Woodstock 5 km Area 5 Mowbray, Observatory, Rondebosch2.6 km Area 6 UCT Campus0 km Area 7 Much further than all the above areas50 km

Carbon Emission Factors Defra Carbon Emission Factors for each Transport Mode ModeTotal Direct GHG in kg/kmClassificationTable Walk 0None Taxi Regular Taxi6k Bicycle 0None Bus (Golden Arrow) Bus - Local Bus6k Motorbike Large Petrol Motorbike6j Jammie Shuttle Diesel (100% mineral diesel)7a in kg/l diesel Private Car Average Medium Car6e Train Rail - National Rail6k Figures taken from 2012 Guidelines to Defra / DECC's GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting

Data Sources  Jammie Shuttle Fuel Report (2012)  Survey 163 students responded 32 staff members responded

Calculation Equations  For Jammie Shuttles: CO 2 emissions (kg) = fuel consumption (l) * defra emission factor  For all other modes: CO 2 emissions (kg) = number of people * km travelled * defra emission factor (per km) of mode used

Assumptions  The Carbon emission factor for a medium sized car was used as it was observed that majority of cars on campus are medium sized.  Jammie Shuttles use diesel.  Private Cars use petrol. It was observed that the majority of cars parked on campus use petrol.  Defra Carbon Emission factors are best suited to South Africa, however South Africa would have higher emissions due to the use of less efficient cars and fuel being more carbon intensive than crude oil refining.  When a commuter uses more than one mode of transport, he travels 50% of the distance by each mode.  Commuters make 1 trip to and from campus a day for the 152 day academic year.

Calculation Example (students) AreaModeCo2 emission per mode # of users (in survey) # of users (in population) Average Km Travelled Co2 emissions per trip to campus 1Walk (survey)Taxi (whole pop.) Taxi + Shuttle %Bicycle Bus Bus + Shuttle Jammie Private Car Private Car + Shuttle Train Train + Shuttle Scooter + Jammie Walk + Jammie Total CO 2 emissions (kg) = number of people * km travelled * defra emission factor

Total Calculations Total for each mode GHG in kg for 1 trip GHG in kg for 2 trips GHG in kg for a year GHG in tons for a year Walk0000 Bicycle0000 Taxi + Shuttle Bus Bus + Shuttle Jammie Shuttles Private Car Private Car + Shuttle Train Train + Shuttle Private Car + Bus Private Car + Taxi Train + Walk Walk + Shuttle Scooter + Shuttle Total

Mode Contributions to Total Emissions

Preferred Transport Methods (staff and students)

Relevant Data  Parking discs  Number of discs issued  Number of residence occupants that have parking discs  Student and Staff demographics  Total number of staff and students  Areas they commute from

Relevant Data  Parking discs  Number of discs issued  Number of residence occupants that have parking discs  Student and Staff demographics  Total number of staff and students  Areas they commute from

Relevant data (continued…)  Jammie Shuttles  Total number of shuttles  Fuel consumption for 2012  Number of trip per route per day  Head count of shuttle users per month  Staff and Student commuting  How they commute to campus  Number of “Ridelink” participants

Data Sources  As suggested by the project manager:  Properties and services – Bruce Jansen  Centre of Transport Research – Marianne Vanderschuren  Carolyn McGibbon  UCT Website  Survey  Green Campus Initiative - Joe Mayson

Data Gathered  Total number of staff and students  Number of parking discs issued  Geographical map of staff and student residence up to ~6.73 km from campus  A sample through the paper based survey of:  Modes of transport used by staff and students  Average distance travelled to campus  Reasons for not using the Jammie shuttles

Preferred mode of transport by students

Area distribution on students

Preferred mode of transport by staff

Area distribution of staff

Recommendations  Improving Data Collection  Including the travel survey in the admission form  Storing demographic information so as not to violate privacy on access  Compiling and updating data concisely and regularly

Recommendations (continued…)  Reducing Carbon Footprint  Booming Systems  to prevent people parking in areas that they are not authorized to  Carpooling – Ridelink Initiative  Shuttle Service  changing routes or adding routes to current schedule  Working in conjunction with public transport providers, e.g. MyCiti

Challenges and Limitations  Initial understanding of project.  Lack of stakeholder cooperation  Data not available  Unexpected deliverables

Reflection  Good team work  Constant communication  Equal workload and contribution  No major issues  No conflict  No misunderstandings

Forming-Storming-Norming-Performing Model  Forming: Initiation of group.  Storming: Dealing with conflicts.  Norming: Beginning stages of successful work.  Performing: Working well to produce the final project.

Reflection (continued)  Overall success  Learnt new skills  Formed good working relationships