Val S. Frenkel, Ph.D., P.E., D.WRE. Consideration for the Co-Siting of Desalination Facilities with Municipal and Industrial Facilities – A WRF Study WRF-06-010D Val S. Frenkel, Ph.D., P.E., D.WRE.

Overview Introductions Objectives and Research Methods Co-Siting Scenarios Advantages and Disadvantages Summary of Research Results Conclusions

Introductions Anna Durden – WateReuse Project Manager Project Advisory Committee (PAC): Shahid Chaudhry, California Energy Commission, Sacramento, CA Neil V. Callahan, R.W. Beck, Inc., Tampa, FL Jonathan Dietrich, Dietrich Consulting Group, FL Malynda Cappelle, UTEP Andrew Tiffenbach, USBR Fethi BenJemma, California DWR, CA Pat Brady, Sandia National Laboratories Project supporters: Richard Kottenstette, Sandia, Howard E. Steiman, RW Beck

Introductions Project Team: Val S. Frenkel – K/J Principal Investigator Gregg Cummings – K/J Project Manager Patrick Treanor – K/J Co-Investigator Dawn Taffler – K/J Co-Investigator

Research Objectives and Requirements Understand individual and combined life-cycle benefits of co-siting. Document successful and unsuccessful co-siting case studies. Develop a decision tool

Proposed Approach and Collection Methods Develop seven potential scenarios Develop a questionnaire covering the scenarios Contact partners to identify potential case studies Conduct an internet search for potential case studies Contact owners and engineers for co-siting facilities, and obtain information for survey. Use case studies to develop model.

Co-Siting Scenarios 1: Power Plant – SWRO Co-siting 2: SWRO – WWTP Co-siting 3: BWRP – WWTP Co-Siting 4: SWRO – Power Plant Co-siting 5: Power Plant – BWRO Co-siting 6: SWRO – Industrial Co-siting 7: BWRO – Industrial Co-siting

Abbreviations BWRO Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis GHG Green House Gas Q Flow SWRO Sea Water Reverse Osmosis WWTP Waste Water Treatment Plant

Advantages Shared intake infrastructure Reduced Construction, No Increase in Total Intake Volume Shared discharge infrastructure Reduced Construction, Outfall Blending, Beneficial Use of Brine Land Available and Zoned Power plant synergies Higher Temp, Electricity Rates, Less Transmission, benefits for power plant

Disadvantages Life cycle of existing facility infrastructure Opposition to Once-Through Cooling Impacts to membrane performance Concentration disposal limitations Regulatory issues Siting constraints Patent restrictions Operation constraints

Research Presented for 31 Case Studies General: Scenario, Location, Timeline, Status, Piloting, Intake and Outfall Configuration, and Water Source. Technical: Plant Flows, Flows of Existing Facilities, Salinity and Salinity Variations, Recovery, Feed Temperature and Energy Consumption. Economics: Capital Cost, Annual O&M cost, and Funding Sources. Environmental: Land Use, Endangered Species, Permitting/Regulatory, Intake Issues, Discharge Issues, and Mitigation Requirements. Public Perception and Public Relations: Issues of Public Concern, Political Will, Public Outreach, and Resistance by Special Interest Groups. Advantages and Disadvantages: Advantages, Disadvantages, and Key Lessons Learned.

Data Compiled From 170 References Data Compared, Analyzed, and Presented

Decision Tool

Case Study Summary 7 Co-Sited Scenarios developed 31 Case Studies Researched Most were Scenario 1 (Power Plant -SWRO) Remainder were Scenario 2 or 3 (SWRO-WWTP) or (BWRO-WWTP) Capital costs comparable, O&M costs lower Preliminary decision tool complete

Questions?