Water Resources Chapter 13 YOUR Responsibility: READ ALL OF CHAPTER 13!

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Presentation transcript:

Water Resources Chapter 13 YOUR Responsibility: READ ALL OF CHAPTER 13!

Seawater 96.5%

AQUITARD

Groundwater and Zone of Saturation

Aquifers Hold GROUNDWATER

Aquifers and Wells Can wells go “dry”?YES!!!

Most critical in 3 places: S. Arizona California The High Plains Remember, this can cause: Subsidence Sinkholes Saltwater intrusion Natural Capital Degradation: Aquifer Depletion

Saltwater Intrusion What’s going on here? Ever noticed this at the beach? Man… that shower was salty!! (and the tap water, too!!!) So… what is this caused by again? –Aquifer depletion! And what else is caused by this??? –Sinkholes!

How does development change the natural flow of water? Removing vegetation? How does losing forests affect wetlands?

NORTH CAROLINA WATERSHEDS (drainage basins)

Flood Plains & Levees Developing in flood plains causes great economic loss. What can we do to help this?? Build smaller levees farther apart… Less expensive to build… Improves habitat in the flood plain.

US WATER NEEDS & PROBLEMS

Water Hotspots in 17 Western U.S. States

Desalination Distillation Reverse Osmosis Uses less energy (better technology) -Disposal of the salt is a problem… -Big industry in N. Africa & Middle East

Water Management

DAMS Advantages and Disadvantages of Large Dams and Reservoirs

Fig , p. 335 Stepped Art Gravity flow (efficiency 60% and 80% with surge valves) Water usually comes from an aqueduct system or a nearby river. Drip irrigation (efficiency 90–95%) Above- or below-ground pipes or tubes deliver water to individual plant roots. Center pivot (efficiency 80% with low-pressure sprinkler and 90–95% with LEPA sprinkler) Water usually pumped from underground and sprayed from mobile boom with sprinklers.

Recycling Water “Gray Water” …already been used in sinks, showers, washing machines, and dishwashers. Can be used when clean water is not required (flushing toilets, washing the car, sprinkling the lawn)

Water Conservation ~Reducing Water Waste at Home~ What can we home / school / work?

Global Water Problems

Natural Capital Degradation: Stress on the World’s Major River Basins

FORMER SOVIET / BALTIC NATION WATER PROBLEMS

Aral Sea 1976 (between Uzbekistan & Kazakhstan) 1997 Same problem as Mono Lake!! –Which was……..????? Inflow = rivers Outflow = evaporation only!! Rivers were diverted for irrigation –By 1980s, >95% of the Aral Sea’s inflow was diverted! –Total volume dropped by 80% –ALL 24 native fish species are gone. –Disease increasing (TB, anemia, resp. illnesses) Virtually no chance of being refilled.

MIDDLE EAST WATER PROBLEMS

JORDAN RIVER Supplies Israel, Jordan, the West Bank, & Gaza Strip Huge population increases Greater agricultural & economic needs Need more effective irrigation NILE RIVER Supplies 10 nations Upriver countries like Ethiopia & Sudan are using more and more water This could imperil Egypt’s water supply

AFRICAN WATER PROBLEMS The Basics - Unclean water causes cholera. - Water sources are few and far between. - There are few wells. - Much of Africa's water supply has a surplus of salt in it. - Water is heavy--in many cases it must be carried on the heads of women and is very strenuous. - Pollution of water sources. - 80% of sewage discharged into rivers is untreated. - More than 300 million Africans lack access to safe water. - 50% of uRban water is wasted, and 75% of irrigation water.

Lake Chad Watch what happens to the lake… this is due to severe drought and water diversion for irrigation

Lake Chad

CHINAS WATER PROBLEM SOLUTION