System Analysis and Design 3 rd Lecture اعداد : أ.ساره الحجام

Systems Development Life Cycle(SDLC) Phases Planning: Planning: first phase in SDLC In these phase, someone identifies the need for a new or enhanced system. The project leader and initial team of system analyst produce a specific plan for a proposed system project. A detailed plan is also developed for conducting the remaining phases of the SDLC for the proposed system. Also, feasibility study conducted in this phase. The most categories studied are: economic, technical, operational, schedule, and political. اعداد : أ.ساره الحجام

Systems Development Life Cycle(SDLC) Phases Analysis: Analysis: the second phase of the SDLC In these phase, the current system is studied and it has several subphases. The first is requirements determination which the system analyst work with users to determine what the users want from the proposed system. Next the system analyst study the requirements and structure them according to their interrelationships. Then system analyst generate alternative initial design to match the requirements. اعداد : أ.ساره الحجام

Systems Development Life Cycle(SDLC) Phases Design: Design: the third phase of the SDLC The system analyst convert the description of the recommended alternative solutions into logical and then physical system specification. You must design all aspects of the system from input and output screens to reports, database, and computer processes. Logic design:Logic design: all functional features of the system chosen for development in analysis are described independently of any computer platform. Physical design:Physical design: the logical specifications of the system from logical design are transformed into technology-specific details from which all programming and system construction can be accomplished. اعداد : أ.ساره الحجام

Systems Development Life Cycle(SDLC) Phases Implementation and testing: Implementation and testing: the forth phase of SDLC System analyst turn detailed model or detailed written specifications to programmer as the first part of implementation phase. Implementation includes coding, testing, and installation. Coding:Coding: programmers write the programs that make up the system. Testing:Testing: programmers and analysts test individual programs and the entire system in order to find and correct the errors. Installation:Installation: the new system becomes a part of the daily activities of the organization. اعداد : أ.ساره الحجام

Systems Development Life Cycle(SDLC) Phases Maintenance: Maintenance: the fifth phase of SDLC When a system is operate in organization, users sometimes find problems with how it works and often think of better ways to perform its functions. Programmers make the changes that users ask for and modify the system to reflect changing business condition. So the final phase of SDLC improve information system. اعداد : أ.ساره الحجام

Analysis: Determining system requirements During requirements determination, the analyst gather information on what the system should do from as many source as possible: from users of the current system, from observing users, and from reports, forms, and procedure. All of the system requirements are carefully documented and made ready for structuring. اعداد : أ.ساره الحجام

Traditional Methods for Determining Requirements 1. Interviewing and listening: Individually interview people informed about the operation and issues to the current system and needs for system in future organizational activities. How to plane the interview: Prepare interview: appointment, questions,... Listen carefully and take notes(tape record if permitted). Review notes within 48 hours of interview. Be neutral. اعداد : أ.ساره الحجام

Traditional Methods for Determining Requirements Choosing interview questions:Choosing interview questions: There are two type of questions: 1.Open-Ended Questions Questions that have no prespecified answers. EX: list the three most frequently used menu options? Closed-Ended Questions 2. Closed-Ended Questions Questions that ask those responding to choose from among a set of specified responses. EX: choose one of the following options for the choice File : A. Open, Save, Print B. Open, Save, Send C. New, Open, Close اعداد : أ.ساره الحجام

Traditional Methods for Determining Requirements 2. Questionnaires: Survey people via questionnaire to discover issues and requirements. Mostly closed-ended questions Can be administered over the phone or in person اعداد : أ.ساره الحجام

Choosing between interviews and questionnaires: CharacteristicInterviewQuestionnaire Information richness highMedium to low Time requiredCan be extensiveLow to moderate ExpenseCan be highModerate Chance for follow up and probing Good: probing and clarification questions can be asked by either interviewer or interviewee Limited: probing and follow up done after original data collection ConfidentialityInterviewee is known by interviewer Respondents can be unknown Involvement of subject Interviewee is involved and committed Respondents are passive, no clear commitment Potential audience Limited number, but complete responses from those interviewed Can be quite large, but lack of response from some can bias result اعداد : أ.ساره الحجام

Traditional Methods for Determining Requirements 3. Interviewing groups: Interview group of people with diverse needs to find solution for the contrasts among system requirements. 4. Directly observing users: Observe workers at selected times in the organization to see how data are handled and what people need to do their jobs. 5. Analyze procedure and other documents: Study business documents to discover reported issues, policies, rules, and use of information in the organization. اعداد : أ.ساره الحجام

participation Explain in detail all phases of SDLC? What is traditional method for interview? اعداد : أ.ساره الحجام