Imperialism The extension of a nation’s power over other lands – culturally, economically, politically

Motives for imperialism 1) Economics (Industrial Revolution gave England a need to get more land and resources) 1) Economics (Industrial Revolution gave England a need to get more land and resources) 2) Politics (to be the strongest, most powerful country you must have colonies) 2) Politics (to be the strongest, most powerful country you must have colonies) 3) Sense of Racial Superiority (Social Darwinism) 3) Sense of Racial Superiority (Social Darwinism) 4) Moral Responsibility to civilize primitive people (“White man’s burden”) 4) Moral Responsibility to civilize primitive people (“White man’s burden”)

Forms and Characteristics of Imperialism 1.Colony – country governed by foreign power a.Indirect Rule (p. 651, 1006) b.Direct Rule (p. 651, 1005) 2.Protectorate – country has own internal government, but under control of another 3.Sphere of Influence – outside power claims exclusive rights to investments and trade 4.Economic Imperialism – controls economy of another country by developing strong business and trade there

Areas of Colonialism Colonies Shmolonies!

Southeast Asia Great Britain – Singapore, Burma Great Britain – Singapore, Burma France – Vietnam (Indochina) France – Vietnam (Indochina) Netherlands – Sumatra, Java, New Guinea Netherlands – Sumatra, Java, New Guinea United States - Philippines United States - Philippines

Benefits of Colonial Rule Railroads, highways, other structures Railroads, highways, other structures Led to modern economic system (Created entrepreneurial class) Led to modern economic system (Created entrepreneurial class) Wealth for Imperial Country Wealth for Imperial Country Some educational reform Some educational reform

Problems and Resistance Plantation agriculture Plantation agriculture High taxes High taxes Removal/destruction of natural resources and raw materials (teak wood, rubber, spices, tea, sugar) Removal/destruction of natural resources and raw materials (teak wood, rubber, spices, tea, sugar) Early resistance failed – eventual success by educated nationalists (i.e. Vietnam, Burma) Early resistance failed – eventual success by educated nationalists (i.e. Vietnam, Burma)

Africa

Berlin Conference (1884 – 1885) 14 countries (European) divide up Africa 14 countries (European) divide up Africa No African delegates at the conference No African delegates at the conference By 1914, only Ethiopia and Liberia are not under European control By 1914, only Ethiopia and Liberia are not under European control

North Africa Ottoman Empire in control under Muhammad Ali Ottoman Empire in control under Muhammad Ali Suez Canal stirs British interest Suez Canal stirs British interest British eventually control Egypt British eventually control Egypt

Central Africa Interest in jungles (Livingstone and Stanley) – not strong colonial interest Interest in jungles (Livingstone and Stanley) – not strong colonial interest No real economic benefit No real economic benefit Belgium takes Congo more for status than profit Belgium takes Congo more for status than profit

East Africa Similar to Central Africa as far as colonial value Similar to Central Africa as far as colonial value “All this colonial business is a sham, but we need it for the elections” – Otto von Bismarck “All this colonial business is a sham, but we need it for the elections” – Otto von Bismarck

Conflict in South Africa 1. Africans – Zulus are under British control by 1870s 1. Africans – Zulus are under British control by 1870s 2. Boers (Dutch Farmers) 2. Boers (Dutch Farmers) 3. English 3. English

Boer War English chase Dutch out of Southern Africa and take control (lots of gold and diamonds there – Cecil Rhodes) English chase Dutch out of Southern Africa and take control (lots of gold and diamonds there – Cecil Rhodes) First total modern war (advanced technology, citizens involved, detention camps, etc.) First total modern war (advanced technology, citizens involved, detention camps, etc.)

Results of African Imperialism Racism – segregation (Apartheid in South Africa) Racism – segregation (Apartheid in South Africa) “White Man’s Burden” “White Man’s Burden” African Nationalism – seek to end foreign rule African Nationalism – seek to end foreign rule Rogers, William Allan. "Uncle Sam's New Class in the Artof Self-Government." Harper™s Weekly, 27 August 1898.

Assignment 1) Complete p. 670 #1, 2, 5, 6; p. 677 #1, 2, 4, 5, 6 1) Complete p. 670 #1, 2, 5, 6; p. 677 #1, 2, 4, 5, 6