© Crown copyright 2004 Bingo  Smallest unit of sound in a word, 44 in English, it can be represented by 1,2,3 or 4 letters phoneme

© Crown copyright 2004 Bingo  Written representation of sound; may consist of one or more letters, for example the phoneme /s/ can be represented by s, sc, c, se, ce as in sun, mouse, city, science grapheme

© Crown copyright 2004 Bingo  two letters representing one phoneme; bath, train digraph

© Crown copyright 2004 Bingo  Those letters in the alphabet apart from a,e,i,o,u. The letter y also act as one of these in certain words. consonant

© Crown copyright 2004 Bingo  To convert a message written/spoken in code into language which is easily understood. In reading it refers to chidren’s ability to read words; translate a visual code of the letters into a word. decode

© Crown copyright 2004 Bingo  The process of combining phonemes into larger elements such as clusters, syllables and words. Also referred to as a combination of 2 or more phonemes e.g. st, str, nt blend

© Crown copyright 2004 Bingo  Each beat in a word syllable

© Crown copyright 2004 Bingo  3 letters representing one phoneme, Fudge, high trigraph

© Crown copyright 2004 Bingo  To break a word or part of a word down into component phonemes, for example, c a t, ch a t, ch ar t, g r ou nd segment

© Crown copyright 2004 Bingo  Separate phonemes (not vowels) to be blended and segmented, b r, n k, consonant cluster

© Crown copyright 2004 Bingo  One phoneme containing two letters (not vowels) consonant digraph

© Crown copyright 2004 Bingo  Awareness of sounds within words, demonstrated by the ability to generate rhyme and alliteration and in segmenting and blending component sounds phonological awareness

© Crown copyright 2004 Bingo  The part of a syllable that contains the vowel and final consonant or consonant cluster if there is one, such as at in cat or ow in cow rime

© Crown copyright 2004 Bingo  One phoneme containing (two letters) no consonants vowel digraph

© Crown copyright 2004 Bingo  May be represented by one or more letters, these may be vowels or a combination of vowels and consonants vowel phoneme

© Crown copyright 2004 Bingo  More or less regular alternation of light beats and heavy beats (stresses) in speech or music rhythm

© Crown copyright 2004 Bingo  This ocurs when words share the same stressed vowel phoneme e.g. she/tea, way/delay and subsequent consonants e.g. sheet/treat, made/lemonade and final unstressed vowel e.g. laughter/after rhyme

© Crown copyright 2004 Bingo  The initial consonant or consonant cluster in a word onset

© Crown copyright 2004 Bingo  The letters a,e,i,o,u vowels