KU Chapter 1 – Introduction to Translation Basic Translation Methods KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY KU Basic Translation Methods Year 3 - Semester 1 Chapter 1 – Introduction to Translation Session 1- 3 Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA & PhD. Can. Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

Introduction to Translation What is translation? KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 Introduction to Translation What is translation? Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU. Basic Translation KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 What is translation? Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU. Basic Translation KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 What is translation? As a subject, translation is defined as all the processes and methods used to convey meaning of the source language into the target language by means of : * The verb “translate” has been equated with synonyms such as “render”, “rephrase”, “transmit”, “re express” “replace”. Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU. Basic Translation KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 What is translation? We "render", "reproduce", "convey", and "transfer" For example: write សរសេរ/និពន្ធ/ចារឹក/ចារ បញ្ចូលឈ្មោះ ​​​ writ in បោះឆ្នោត Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

What is translation? DEFINITIONS OF TRANSLATION KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 What is translation? DEFINITIONS OF TRANSLATION Translation is a phenomenon that has a huge effect on everyday life. If we look at a general dictionary, we find the following definition of the term translation: translation (n). 1 . the act or an instance of translating. 2 . a written or spoken expression of the meaning of a word, speech, book, etc. in another language. Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

What is translation? DEFINITIONS OF TRANSLATION KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 What is translation? DEFINITIONS OF TRANSLATION “Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text (SLT) by means of an equivalent target-language text (TLT).” Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU. Basic Translation KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 What is translation? Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU. Basic Translation KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 What is translation? Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU. Basic Translation KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 What is translation? Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

Translation and interpretation KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 Translation and interpretation Translators work with the written words, transferring text from a source language to a target one. Interpreter work with spoken words, , transferring speed from a source language to a target one. Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

Translation and interpretation KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 Translation and interpretation Communication through an interpreter Sender Receiver Encoding Decoding M M Decoding Encoding Feedback Interpreter Feedback Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

Translation and interpretation KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 Translation and interpretation Encoding: A message is sent to a receiver in written words or other symbols. Decoding: The receiver translates the written words or symbols into a concept or information that he or she can understand. Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

“Verbatim” translation is not always possible. KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 “Verbatim” translation is not always possible. Translators have freedom than interpreters do. A translator usually have the free time to think. An interpreter should facilitate mutual understanding and comprehension. An interpreter must decode what the speaker says and then decode the message for the listener. A good interpreter has linguistic, culture, & technical fluency, and should be chosen with a great care, and must be fluent in the language of the field in which he/she translates. Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

The Effective Use of Interpreter KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 The Effective Use of Interpreter Hire your own interpreter Whenever possible, meet with interpreter beforehand Hire qualified professionals – do not ask a colleague from another department to translate for you unless it is that person’s job to translate for others. Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

The Effective Use of Interpreter KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 The Effective Use of Interpreter Check the technical expertise of the interpreter Inform the interpreter of your business plan & objectives Provide the interpreter breaks – interpreter is hard work, needing the right environment. Speak clearly – interpreter is fluent in your language. Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

The Effective Use of Interpreter KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 The Effective Use of Interpreter Concentrate on the business partner, not on the interpreter. Find out about the role the interpreter on the other sides Check the work of the interpreter, especially numbers – as numbers can be difficult to translate & misunderstand can occur easily, you should write out the numbers on the safe side. Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

What do we translate? We translate nothing but "MEANING". KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 What do we translate? We translate nothing but "MEANING". We are always interested in how these elements combine, produce, influence, reflect and crystallize meaning. Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

What is Meaning? It is a complicated network of language components KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 What is Meaning? It is a complicated network of language components It is the product of different elements of language. Taken together occurring in a certain type of texts and contexts, and directed to a certain kind of readership. Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

What is Meaning? language components Words (vocabulary KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 What is Meaning? language components Words (vocabulary Grammar (syntax) Style Sounds (Phonology) Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

How do we translate? Processes of Translation Methods of Translation KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 How do we translate? Making use of two concepts Processes of Translation Methods of Translation Transfer Analysis Restructuring Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

Processes of Translation KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 Processes of Translation Translation is a communicative process, and it has to deal with the following processes: Analysis (Comprehension) Transfer Restructuring (Rearrangement or rewriting) Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

Translation: Process vs. Product KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 Translation: Process vs. Product We have to distinguish between Translating: the process which refers to the activity rather than the tangible object, and Translation: the product of the process of translating, i.e. the translated text. The word translation can also refer to the abstract concept which encompasses both the process of translating and the product of that process. Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

Translation: Process vs. Product KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 Translation: Process vs. Product In order to arrive at a comprehensive and useful understanding of the process of translating we need to draw on the resources of linguistics, particularly, psycholinguistics and socio linguistics. The first of these examines the process in the mind of the translator, the second places the source language text (SLT) and the target language text (TLT) in their cultural context. Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

The Translation Process KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 The Translation Process Memory SLT Analysis Semantic Representation Synthesis TLT Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU. Basic Translation KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 Translation Process The SLT is transformed into a TLT by means of process which take place within memory: The analysis of the language specific text (the SLT) into a universal (non-language specific) semantic representation. The synthesis of that semantic representation into a second language specific text (the TLT). Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

Examples (English to Khmer) KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 Examples (English to Khmer) Every morning Sarah turns on her computer. First, she checks her email. Then, she visits a social networking website to find out what her friends are doing. On this website, she read news from her friends. ​​​ ជា​រៀងរាល់​ព្រឹក​សា​រ៉ា​តែងតែបើកមើលកុំព្យូទ័រ​របស់​នាងជាប្រចាំ​។ ដំបូង​នាង​បាន​ពិនិត្យមើលសារ​ដែលផ្ញើតាម​អ៊ី​ម៉ែ​ល​របស់​នាង​។ បន្ទាប់​មក​នាង​បាន​ចូលទៅគេហទំព័រ​ប​ ណ្តា​ញពត៌មាន សង្គម​ដើម្បី​ស្វែង​រកមើល​នូវ​អ្វី​ដែល​មិត្ត​ភក្តិ​របស់​នាង​កំពុងផ្ញើចូលមក​។ SLT (English) TLT (Khmer) Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

Examples (Khmer to English) KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 Examples (Khmer to English) សូកូឡាដែលដាក់ក្លាសេ្សក្នុងទូទឹកកករហូតឃើញស្រទាប់លេចចេញព្រិលស បញ្ជាក់ថាវាបាត់​បង់រសជាតិដើម​ព្រមទាំងជាសំបុកនៃការប្រមូលផ្តុំមេ រោគផ្សេងៗទៀតផង។ Chocolate refrigerated in the refrigerator until appearing snow layers loses original flavoring taste and (a nest of other) viral concentrations. SLT (Khmer) TLT (English) Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com

KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU. Basic Translation KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014 The End Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: uon.sokchea14@gmail.com