The Forming of Greek Civilization

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Presentation transcript:

The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2

Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace Sir Arthur Evans Palace of Minos 2. Cretan Society and the Roles of Women Great Mother ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Map 2.1 Early Greece During the Bronze Age This map shows the areas in which Greek speakers settled between about 2000–1100 B.C. There was never a king or supreme ruler of the whole region, but rather rulers in the various cities. Which islands lay at the extreme boundaries of Greece, and where was Mycenae, where the Mycenaean culture originated? ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization 3. A Cretan Empire? B. Crete and the Greeks 1. Cretan Writing Linear A Linear B Michael Ventris ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) B. Crete and the Greeks 2. The Collapse of Cretan Civilization Thera or Santorini earthquake ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) C. Mycenaean Civilization (ca. 1600-1100 B.C.) 1. The City of Mycenae 2. The Work of Heinrich Schliemann The graves at Mycenae ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) C. Mycenaean Civilization (ca. 1600-1100 B.C.) 3. The Zenith of Mycenaean Power and the Trojan War Treasury of Atreus Agamemnon Troy Homer’s Iliad ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Map 2.2 Mycenae The most important city in Bronze Age Greece, Mycenae, was first settled on its citadel or Acropolis. As the population expanded, a lower town developed, also surrounded by a wall. Outside the town were terraced agricultural plots. Where was the palace of the king? ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) C. Mycenaean Civilization (ca. 1600-1100 B.C.) 4. The Troy of Homer 5. The Decline of Mycenae Sea-peoples Dorian Greeks 6. The Dark Age ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Map 2.3 Archaic & Classical Greece, ca. 800-400 B.C. Four main dialects of the Greek language were spoken in the Greek world. Similarity of dialect could lead to political sympathy within the dialect group. Notice that Greeks never penetrated far into the Persian Empire. What was the most extreme reach of the Greek language to the north? ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

II. The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.) Polis/poleis A. Greek Religion Zeus Apollo Aphrodite Athena Artemis ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

II. The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.) A. Greek Religion 1. The Relationship of Greeks to Their Gods Anthropomorphic Mount Olympus Nemesis 2. Forms of Worship No hierarchy Delphic oracle ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

II. The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.) B. Public Games Panhellenic games Olympics C. Colonization (ca. 750-550 B.C.) ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Map 2.4 Greek Colonization, ca. 750-550 B.C. Partly to seek trading partners, partly to solve the problem of excessive population, Greek cities sent out many colonies in the Mediterranean and Black seas. Notice that all the colonial cities remained on the coastlines. Which were the farthest Greek cities in east and west directions? ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

II. The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.) D. The Alphabet 1. Origin of the Alphabet Phoenicians 2. The Alphabet and Greek Life ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

II. The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.) E. Archaic Literature 1. The Homeric Epics Iliad Achilles Hector Patroclus Odyssey Odysseus 2. The Homeric Question ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

II. The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.) E. Archaic Literature 3. Homeric Legends Far from Greece 4. Hesoid 5. Archilochus 6. Sappho ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. III. The Polis A. Organization and Government Astu Acropolis 1. General Structure of the Polis Agora 2. Population of the Poleis Adult males ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. III. The Polis A. Organization and Government 3. Origins of Self-Government Oligarchy Monarchy 4. Hoplites and Society 5. Tyrants and Tyranny 6. Greek Armies Phalanx ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. III. The Polis B. The Economy of the Poleis (ca. 700-400 B.C.) 1. A Modest Lifestyle Agriculture Pasturage 2. Coinage and Public Expenses Lydia Drachma Taxation ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. III. The Polis B. The Economy of the Poleis (ca. 700-400 B.C.) 3. Use of Slave Labor 4. Industry ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. III. The Polis C. Sparta and Athens (ca. 700-500 B.C.) 1. Early Sparta Messenia Helots Lycurgus 2. Sparta’s Government Assembly, elders, and ephors “Mixed” constitution Peloponnesian League ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. III. The Polis C. Sparta and Athens (ca. 700-500 B.C.) 3. Men and Women in Spartan Society 4. Spartan Isolation 5. Early Athens Attica Archons Areopagus Assembly ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. III. The Polis C. Sparta and Athens (ca. 700-500 B.C.) 6. Draco and Homicide Law 7. Crisis in the Athenian Economy 8. Solon and Economic Reform 9. Solon’s Political Reforms Four classes of citizens Heliaea 10. The Tyrant Pisistratus ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Map 2.5 Classical Athens, ca. 400 B.C. Athens became the largest Greek city in population and political importance. It also had the most impressive collection of public buildings and temples, especially on the Acropolis or “high city.” The urban area was surrounded by a wall. Where was the temple of Athena or Parthenon? ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. III. The Polis C. Sparta and Athens (ca. 700-500 B.C.) 11. Cleisthenes and Demokratia Hippias Boulé 12. The End of Regional Factions in Athens Deme and tribes 13. The Use of the Lot in Elections 14. Ostracism ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

IV. The Challenge of Persia A. The Invasion Under Darius and Marathon (490 B.C.) “Ionian Revolt” Eretria ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Map 2.6 First Persian War, 490 B.C. The king of Persia sent an expedition against Eretria and Athens to punish them for their part in an attack on Sardis. The battle of Marathon turned the Persian invasion back. On the way to Marathon, at which islands did the Persian fleet stop? ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

IV. The Challenge of Persia B. The Second Persian War (480-479 B.C.) 1. Preparations for War Xerxes Triremes Themistocles ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Map 2.7 The Second Persian War, 480-479 B.C. Ten years after the first war, the Persians attacked Greece again. The Persian navy and army invaded in parallel routes. The critical battles were at the island of Salamis and at Plataea in Boeotia. Where is the island of Salamis? Note the canal cut through Mt. Athos in 492 B.C. ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

IV. The Challenge of Persia B. The Second Persian War 2. The Invasion of 480 and Thermopylae Leonidas 3. Themistocles and the Victory at Salamis 4. The Battle of Plataea (479 B.C.) Pausanias Mycale ©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.