Reading Recovery: The Early Intervention Safety Net

What Do You Know About RR?

1.Georgia State University 2.Atkinson County 3.Atlanta Public Schools 4.Bacon County 5.Banks County 6.Charlton County 7.Clinch County 8.Cobb County 9.Coffee County 10.Dalton County 11.Dawson County 12.Decatur City 13.DeKalb County 14.Effingham County 1.Elbert County 2.Gwinnett County 3.Habersham County 4.Hart County 5.Evans County 6.Houston County 7.Lee County 8.Pierce County 9.Stephens County 10.Tift County 11.Towns County 12.Valdosta City 13.Ware County 14.Wayne County 15.White County

Total teachers trained at GSU Fall 1991 – Spring ,127 Total teacher leaders trained at GSU Fall 1991 – Spring

Georgia State University Reading Recovery ® Program Georgia FACT SHEET * Children who had 60 or more lessons. Graduation rate = 79.5 % ** Full program children who reached the average level of their class and were released from the program needing no additional help Year School Syste ms School Buildings RR Teachers Teacher Leaders In-Training Teacher Leaders Full Program Children* Graduated Children** , ,3511, ,8291, ,4321, ,7442, ,6512, ,4341, ,5462, ,6122, ,5151, ,2111, ,3061, ,2401, ,4611,984 TOTAL4633,15526,325

Georgia State University affiliated sites outside of Georgia Tennessee Anderson County Athens City Campbell County Johnson City Knox County Oak Ridge Rhea County Scott County Bermuda

Georgia State University Reading Recovery ® Program All Affiliated Sites (GA, TN, FL), FACT SHEET Year School Systems School Buildings RR Teachers Teacher Leaders In-Training Teacher Leaders Full Program Children Graduated Children , ,6441, ,4972, ,1692, ,8533, ,2173, ,7193, ,8543, ,2353, ,6312, ,9412, ,0242, ,9122, ,1502,463 Total6647,66935,539

What RR Is and Is Not IsIs not One-one one individual teaching One-one one individual teaching Provided by specially trained, certified teachers Provided by specially trained, certified teachers On-going professional development for teachers On-going professional development for teachers Adopted as a school initiative by the school staff Adopted as a school initiative by the school staff Supplementary to good classroom teaching Supplementary to good classroom teaching For first-grade, lowest-achieving readers only For first-grade, lowest-achieving readers only Data-driven teaching to continuously monitor children’s progress Data-driven teaching to continuously monitor children’s progress A short-term early intervention that prevents further difficulties in literacy A short-term early intervention that prevents further difficulties in literacy A long-term school commitment for lowest-achieving first graders A long-term school commitment for lowest-achieving first graders Group instruction Delivered by volunteers or paraprofessionals A program to buy & put in place for teachers One person's mandated program The only literacy instruction the child receives A program to improve literacy in all grades A program that labels children via extended testing for disabilities A long-term service for children A quick fix

The Impact of Reading Recovery - Bridges the Achievement Gap. Significant differences in low achievers. Cost Effective.

Do Reading Recovery students close the literacy achievement gap? ….Yes!! White students continue to outperform African American students on literacy measures. When compared to the progress of students in the random sample, Reading Recovery students are closing this gap.

RR reduces the gap … Across racial/ethnic groups Between low and average readers Across income groups Between English speakers and English language learners.

Cost Effectiveness of Reading Recovery What is the cost of other programs that target the same student population & seek to achieve the same results? What is the cost of other programs that target the same student population & seek to achieve the same results? Both long-term & short term benefits must be considered when examining cost effectiveness. Both long-term & short term benefits must be considered when examining cost effectiveness. One-to-one instruction is the only way for some children to become literate. One-to-one instruction is the only way for some children to become literate.

Intervention or Supplement Additional Per-Pupil Cost for One Year Average Time in Program Total Per- Pupil Cost for Five Years Retention $9,5001 year$9,500 Title l $2,0005 years$10,000 Special Education $4,500 + $1,000 Initial evaluation 5 years$23,500 Reading Recovery $3,480 for all served $5,354 for discontinued 12 to 20 weeks $3,480 $5,354

Intervention Average Number of Students Served Average Salary & Benefits* Yearly Cost per Student Served Reading Recovery Only (Retired or Part-time Teacher ½ time, No Benefits) 8.3$25,009$3,013 Reading Recovery Portion of a Full-time Teacher’s Responsibility 8.3$32,511**$3,917 Reading Recovery plus Other Role (ex. Title l or EIP) 37.3$65,022$1,743 Title l/EIP Reading Teacher (Pull-out or augmented; 66 students fund 1 EIP teacher) 66$65,022$985 Self-Contained EIP First Grade 11 to 14$65,022$4,644 Retention $7,722*** NCLB Supplemental Services (after school tutoring) $1,408****

Reading Recovery Cost Effective 0.5 FTE Comparison by effect

Clifford I. Johnson Georgia State University 21 RR is the only intervention program to receive the highest ranking for evidence of success by the What Works Clearing House (WWC).

Clifford I. Johnson Georgia State University 22

24 Two Positive Outcomes of Reading Recovery for Children Children reach average levels of text reading for their class Children are referred appropriately for further long-term support + +

Clifford I. Johnson Georgia State University 25 Reading Recovery can be a significant part of a comprehensive school- wide literacy program

Why? Some children require individual literacy lessons. Some children require individual literacy lessons. Struggling children deserve the “gold standard” which is individual literacy lessons. Struggling children deserve the “gold standard” which is individual literacy lessons. RR provides short-term accelerated learning which enables struggling children to catch up with their peers. RR provides short-term accelerated learning which enables struggling children to catch up with their peers. RR provides the “safety net” against crippling literacy problems. RR provides the “safety net” against crippling literacy problems.

Clifford I. Johnson Georgia State University 28 RR teachers can play a major role in Tier 1, 2 & 3 if their expertise is employed as needed.

She can provide differentiated instruction to a small group in her classroom using her expertise as a RR teacher. Tier 1

Tier 2 She can provide 1:1 RR to first graders in an RR setting.

Tier 3 She can serve on the SST team to assist with IEPs.

“No other program has ever come close to achieving the results demonstrated by Reading Recovery.” Cunningham, P.M. and Allington, R.L. Classrooms That Work. 1994, New York: Harper Collins.

Case Study Muscogee County Columbus, Georgia

CRCT Study

PercentPercent PercentPercent Did not achieve Achieved or Group Expectation Exceeded Expectation Comparison RR - Recommended RR – Discontinued There was no statistically significant difference between the Comparison group and RR –Recommended. Greater percentages of the RR Discontinued achieved or exceeded expectation. How Does Reading Recovery Bridge the Gap? Results of Study – Struggling Learners Grade 4

PercentPercent PercentPercent Group Did not achieve Achieved or Expectation Exceeded Expectation Comparison1486 RR - Recommended2872 RR – Discontinued1387 There was no statistically significant difference between the Comparison group and RR – Discontinued. How Does Reading Recovery Bridge the Gap? Results of Study – Struggling Learners Grade 3

How Much Will It Cost? Training Model for South-Georgia Training Model for South-Georgia Single site Single site Consortia Consortia Training Costs Training Costs Tuition for academic credit Tuition for academic credit Transporting children/teachers Transporting children/teachers Materials Materials Travel for training Travel for training Affiliation Costs Affiliation Costs Apprentice model in which TLs & RRTs will be working within their own school systems during training. Apprentice model in which TLs & RRTs will be working within their own school systems during training.

How Much Will It Cost? Training Year Teacher Leader Training Year: Tuition/Student fees $6,122 Tuition/Student fees $6,122 Lab Fees $4,500 Lab Fees $4,500 Professional Books $1,200 Professional Books $1,200 Children's Books and Supplies $2,250 Children's Books and Supplies $2,250 Travel (teacher/transporting Children) and Conferences $4,000 Travel (teacher/transporting Children) and Conferences $4,000 Subtotal for each Teacher Leader in training: $17,572* *Subtotal does not include salary and benefits for teacher; costs for behind the glass or tuition increase.

How Much Will It Cost? Accreditation and Subsequent Years Accreditation Year (Field Year following training year): Site affiliation fee $ 2000 (includes one site visit) Site affiliation fee $ 2000 (includes one site visit) Additional Site Visit$ 800* Additional Site Visit$ 800* Professional Development fee $ 200 (per Teacher Leader) Professional Development fee $ 200 (per Teacher Leader) Subsequent Years Site affiliation fee $ 2000 (includes one site visit) Site affiliation fee $ 2000 (includes one site visit) Professional Development fee $ 200 (per Teacher Leader) Professional Development fee $ 200 (per Teacher Leader)

Support for Costs Foundation Support Foundation Support Grant writing Grant writing Title I and other Title funds Title I and other Title funds EIP EIP RtI funds RtI funds

Reading Recovery is a bargain! Short-term intervention, prevention Effective Continuing progress Reduces retentions & SPE referrals Highly qualified teachers & teacher leaders Multi-tiered problem-solving literacy team