The Rise of City-States Greeks The Rise of City-States

Geography of the Greek World A Rugged Land Where did Greek people farm? How did the mountains surrounding Greece shaped the relationship between Greek communities?

Surrounded by the Sea What bodies of water surrounded Greece? How did these bodies of water affect the lives of Greek people?

Mediterranean Climate How did the climate of Greece shaped the way of life of people living in this peninsula?

Early Greek History Minoan and Mycenaean Civilization What were some of the characteristics of the Minoan civilization? Who were the Mycenaean? Where did they live? What form of government did the Mycenaean have? What were the consequences of the Mycenaean’s fall?

Quick Essay Topic: City-States Provide a description of life in Greek city-states. Use all of the following words in your description. Polis Citizens Laws Acropolis Agora Politics Aristocracy Women Slaves Foreigners.

Playing it Out With your group, identify four important characteristics of the group you were assigned to research Each member of the group will create a different skit showing one of those characteristics. Remember that each skit can have a minimum of one person and a maximum of four people as part of it.

Define the following words Oligarchy Tyrannies Democracy Citizenship Assembly Council (Boule) Courts

Oligarchy and Tyranny Oligarchy Tyranny Early forms of government where political power is held by a small group of people Council of leaders belonged to the aristocracy Tyranny Governments run by a strong ruler Ruler was usually member of the aristocracy Promised land and other benefits to the poor and won popular support Some were fair rulers, others did not keep their promises and ruled harshly

Power of the People Democracy “rule by the people” Large numbers of men participated in public affairs Citizenship Membership in a community Gives people both rights and responsibilities Ordinary people had the right to help make decisions

Council (Boule) 500 People Council This group helped decide which issues should come before the assembly Members were chosen at random among citizens Every citizen had a chance to serve in the Council

Topics Every student should be required to take a performing arts course. Grades should be abolished. All students should be required to perform one year of community service. Homework should be banned. PE should be required of all students throughout high school. Schools should block YouTube

Assembly Main Political Body in Athens All free adult male citizens had the right to attend Meetings took place 40 times a year Everyone in the Assembly had the right to speak

The Court System Each court decided on different types of cases Juries made up of citizens served in the courts Decisions were made by majority vote. Hundreds or even thousands of people could serve in a jury

Limited Democracy Women could not vote or hold office Foreigners could not be citizens Slaves had no rights Athens did not have rule by all people, but at the time it had more freedom than most other city-states in Greece

Direct and Representative Democracy Direct Democracy Representative Democracy Citizens participate directly in decision-making Works better when population is small In countries that are too big and with many people, it is more difficult for those people to meet U.S. model Citizens elect others to represent them in government Representatives pass laws and make decisions on behalf of people

A Tale of Two City-States Athens and Sparta A Tale of Two City-States

Social Classes Athens Sparta Class system with leaders belonging to wealthy families. Women were considered inferior. Slavery existed To become a citizen, men would have to become soldier. If they failed, they became “inferiors” Sparta had more slaves than any other city-state

Political Life Democracy Council, Assembly, Courts 45,000 citizens Athens Sparta Democracy Council, Assembly, Courts 45,000 citizens Authoritarian government Ruled by two kings who were military leaders Council of elders composed by 28 men over the age of 60 and elected for life made decisions. Ephors were five men responsible for day-to-day operations. 9,000 citizens

Military Not as important or as much of an emphasis as in Sparta. Athens Sparta Not as important or as much of an emphasis as in Sparta. Emphasized Education in Arts, Philosophy, etc. Very important – had strongest army in Greece. Boys trained to be soldiers and girls trained to be strong mothers to provide strong children. http://www.youtube.com /watch?v=RurmBuDicBI

Religion http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lZZgTilriB4 Athens Sparta Polytheism – believed in many gods and goddesses, which had human qualities. Ruler of the gods was Zeus. Resembled that of Athens. Emphasis on gods related to War.

Trade Athens Sparta Traded metalworking, pottery and textiles for things lacking or wanting, including foreign grain. Very limited trade – kept mostly as an isolated city- state. The lack of trade kept many of the people poor farmers.

Sports http://www. youtube. com/watch. v=z9lFwCDuj38 http://www Athens Sparta Honored gods and goddesses by training mind and body. Held sports competitions, most famous was Olympic Games. Girls did not practice sports. Honored gods and goddesses by training mind and body. Girls participated in some sports in order to be strong as mothers.

Family Life/Education http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kd60himDm9k Athens Sparta Girls stayed at home and helped mothers Boys helped fathers on their jobs. Boys had more educational opportunity than girls. Boys learned reading and writing, but emphasis was on becoming a good soldier. Girls had little schooling. Allowed to participate in physical activities http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uLyW5UYPYYs

Greek Mythology Polytheistic Religion Mythology Worship of Many Gods Mythology Collection of stories that people tell about their gods or heroes Explained the world, behaviors of people, and taught moral lessons. Honored their Gods with public and private religious rituals. Prayers and Animal Sacrifices Each City-State built temples for deities

Athletic Contests Part of Religious Festivals Displayed skills and it was a way to honor their Gods Olympic Games honored Zeus and took place every four years Festival Site was at Olympia Winners became celebrities

Sacred Sites Homes to Gods or spirits Mount Olympus Delphi Home to the major gods Delphi Holy Temple of Apollo Delphic Oracle Predicted what would happen in the future Answered with Puzzling Statements or Riddles

The Arts of Greece Strong Appreciation of Beauty Expressed it in their painting, sculpture, and architecture Ordinary objects were carefully designed Painting Depth and Perspective Sculpture Strong Egyptian Influence Developed Realistic Style Huge Statues of Gods and Goddesses Architecture Tried to Achieve Perfection in their Work Parthenon was a temple to honor Athena

Literature Linked with Religion Religious Festivals included contests between poets Homer Wrote Epic Poems Odyssey and Iliad Gods Controlling human lives Lyric Poetry Short Poetic Songs on many subjects, like politics and war Greek Drama Performance on Stage Tragedies: tragic ending/Comedies: happy endings Fables Stories that teach a moral lesson.

Greek Philosophy Philosophy: “love for wisdom” Asked Questions about the nature of things and answered through reason How do we know what’s real? What is the nature of the universe? Socrates Socratic Method of Teaching: Asking Questions to make people think more clearly. Challenged accepted beliefs Plato Created a school of philosophy called Academy