Chapter 24 The Child with a Musculoskeletal Condition.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
GET THE FACTS ABOUT SCOLIOSIS I.M. Doctor, M.D. My Office My City, State.
Advertisements

The Child with a Musculoskeletal Condition
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Orthopaedic Management.
Slide 1 Copyright © Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Instructor's Manual to Accompany Lippincott's Textbook for Nursing Assistants. Textbook For Nursing.
Skeletal System Diseases and Disorders. Arthritis Rheumatoid Rheumatoid Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis Juvenile Rheumatoid.
Questions to Ponder What is Scoliosis? What is Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS)? How do I know if I have AIS? Is AIS caused by not drinking enough.
MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Bones and bone growth –Epiphyseal plates…bone growth occurs here and when these seal over, there.
 Muscular Dystrophy (MD) is a group of inherited muscle diseases, in which muscle fibers are unusually susceptible to damage. Muscles, primarily voluntary.
The Child With Joint Pain Diagnostic Clues
Greyson P. Cole W. Corinne H.
All About Rheumatoid Arthritis
Anatomy and Physiology  Bones and Joints  Bones provide framework and support; classified by shape and composition  Joints: where two or more bones.
Common Orthopedic Problems of Children Congenital Acquired Bones Neuromuscular 1.
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Spine PE 236 Amber Giacomazzi MS, ATC.
BONE CANCER RAED ISSOU.
MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
Chapter 14 Noncommunicable Diseases Lesson 4 Diabetes and Arthritis Next >> Click for: Teacher’s notes are available in the notes section of this presentation.
Chapter 20 Care of the Child with Musculoskeletal Disorders
kyphosis lordosis and scoliosis
The Skeletal System Support Systems Unit 2 Support Systems Unit 2.
SKELETAL SYSTEM. Diseases/Disorders Sprain – stretched or torn ligament or tendon Arthritis – inflamed joint Osteomyelitis – infected bone Osteoporosis.
By: Logan Gillings, Reyes E. Cause Of Disease  Is a genetic disorder that causes progressive muscle weakness as individual muscle cells die.  An absence.
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Chapter 6 Musculoskeletal System Diseases and Disorders.
Essentials of Human Diseases and Conditions 4 th edition Margaret Schell Frazier Jeanette Wist Drzymkowski.
Skeletal System Disorders. Osteomyelitis Infection of the bone Causes include: invading bacteria, pneumonia, typhoid, inflammation of teeth, and injury.
Copyright © 2011, 2007, 2003, 1999 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Chapter 39 Nervous System and Musculo-Skeletal Disorders.
Copyright © 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Unit 41 Musculoskeletal System.
THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY DISEASE PROCESS.
Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Timby/Smith: Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing, 10/e Chapter 62: Caring for.
(DMD) Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. History of DMD It was first described by a french neurologist named Guillaume Benjamin Amand Duchenne in Previous.
Scoliosis.
Terminology in Health Care and Public Health Settings Unit 3 Musculoskeletal System Component 3/Unit 31 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1/Fall 2010.
OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM Diseases and Disorders. Anabolic Steroids Anabolic steroids are man-made substances related to male sex hormones. Medical uses.
Skeletal System Angelica Lieto Isabel Chu Brittany Santos Matt Costa.
Musculoskeletal. Class Content n General Nursing Care n Congenital Defects n Musculoskeletal Dysfunction n Neuromuscular Dysfunction.
Musculoskeletal Trauma
The Skeletal System Support Systems Unit 2 Support Systems Unit 2.
1 Scoliosis Screening American Red Cross A Guide for School Nurses.
 The hip, pelvis, and thigh contain some of the strongest muscles in the body  This area is also subjected to tremendous demands  Injuries to this.
Chapter 34 Nervous System and Musculo-Skeletal Disorders All items and derived items © 2015, 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights.
By: Mairi Sapountzi & Yoginee Sritharen
Chapter 33 Cancer, Immune System, and Skin Disorders All items and derived items © 2015, 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Scoliosis Evan Downing. What is it It’s a sideways curve of the spine that occurs usually during the growth spurt right before puberty Sometimes can make.
Skeletal System Disorders April Cavero 4B. Paget’s Disease Paget’s disease is a disorder of the normal bone remodeling process Signs and symptoms: bone.
Scoliosis by Hannah & Tylyn
DYSTROPHY MUSCULAR Isamar Villacrés Carlos Carlosama.
Tumors of the Bone By: Pretoria Hoyte Etiology: A tumor is a lump or mass of tissue that forms when cells divide uncontrollably. A growing tumor may.
Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Timby/Smith: Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing, 11/e Chapter 62: Caring for.
Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. MOBILITY.
Skeletal System Diseases and Disorders By 3 rd Block.
Skeletal System Diseases and Disorders By 2 nd Block.
Hydrotherapy In Child With Progressive Muscular Dystrophy (Case Study)
Musculoskeletal Disorders Part I Osteoporosis Osteomyelitis Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis Gout.
Musculoskeletal Pathology and injuries 1. pain after specific use 2. pain at start of activity resolving with warm-up 3. Pain during and after specific.
CHAPTER 13 SKELETAL SYSTEM. Structure and Function Functions of the skeletal system –Provides shape and support –Protects internal organs –Stores minerals.
Warm Up Take out: Lesson Quiz 14-2 & Concept Map 14-3 Take both worksheets from the table.
NAME______________________ Musculoskeletal Case Study due in class on entry. Musculoskeletal Case Study in Preparation for class is required an worth.
The Child with a Musculoskeletal Condition
Statistics Facts Causes Symptoms Treatments
Disorders and Diseases Created by HS1 3rd block Spring 2015
Osteosarcoma Katlyn and Kassie.
The Child with a Musculoskeletal Condition
Medical-Surgical Nursing: Concepts & Practice
Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy
The Child with a Musculoskeletal Disorder
Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System
The Child with a Musculoskeletal Condition
Questions to Ponder What is Scoliosis?
Presentation transcript:

Chapter 24 The Child with a Musculoskeletal Condition

Pediatric Trauma Soft-tissue injuries include –Contusion –Sprain –Strain Injuries should be treated immediately to limit damage from edema and bleeding Prevention Proper use of pedestrian safety Car seat restraints Bicycle helmets and other protective athletic gear Pool fences Window bars Deadbolt locks Locks on cabinet door 2

Bryant’s Traction Used for the young child(under 2 yo; LBS.) who has a fractured femur Note that the buttocks are slightly off the bed to facilitate countertraction Active infants may require a jacket restraint to maintain body alignment 3 Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

4

Spica Cast Seen with child with hip dysplasia Immobilize hips & thighs Care – Keep dry – Cleanse with damp cloth – Assess for tightness – Neurovascular checks – Reposition q 2-4 hrs – Sponge bath 5

Duchenne’s or Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy (MD) Group of disorders in which progressive muscle degeneration occurs –Duchenne’s MD is most common –Sex linked inherited- affects males only –Lack of dystrophin – protein in skeletal muscle Onset is generally between 2 and 6 years of age A history of delayed motor development during infancy may be evidenced Increase in calf size – muscle replaced by fat 6

Duchenne’s or Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy (MD) (cont.) Additional signs and symptoms –Progressive weakness as evidenced by Frequent falling Clumsiness Contractures of the ankles and hips Gower’s maneuver to rise from the floor –Intellectual impairment is common 7

8

Duchenne’s or Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy (MD) (cont.) Diagnostics –Marked increase in blood creatine phosphokinase level –Muscle biopsy reveals a degeneration of muscle fibers replaced by fat and connective tissue –ECG abnormalities are also common 9

Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease (Coxa Plana) One of a group of disorders called the osteochondroses in which the blood supply to the epiphysis, or end of the bone, is disrupted –Tissue death that results from inadequate blood supply is termed avascular necrosis –Affects the development of the head of the femur 10

Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease (Coxa Plana) (cont.) Symptoms include –Painless limp –Limitation of motion X-ray films and bone scans confirm the diagnosis –Some may require hip joint replacement 11

Osteosarcoma Primary malignant tumor of the long bones –Mean age of onset is 10 to 15 years of age –Children who have had radiation therapy for other types of cancer and children with retinoblastoma have a higher incidence of this disease Metastasis occurs quickly because of the high vascularity of bone tissue –Lungs are primary site of metastasis 12

Osteosarcoma (cont.) Manifestations –Experiences pain and swelling at the site –Pathologic fractures can occur Diagnosis –Confirmed by biopsy –Radiological studies help to confirm Treatment –Radical resection or amputation surgery –Phantom limb pain can occur because nerve tracts continue to “report” pain 13

Ewing’s Sarcoma Malignant growth that occurs in the marrow of the long bones Mainly occurs in older school-age children and early adolescents When metastasis is present, prognosis is poor Primary sites for metastasis are lungs and long bones Treatment –Radiation therapy and chemotherapy –Amputation is not recommended due to effectiveness of chemo and radiation to tumors 14

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) Formerly known as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) Most common arthritic condition of childhood Systemic inflammatory disease involving joints, connective tissues, and viscera 15

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) (cont.) Systemic –Intermittent spiking fever (above 103° F) persisting for over 10 days –Nonpruritic macular rash –Abdominal pain –Elevated ESR and C-reactive protein 16

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) (cont.) Treatment –Goals of therapy Reduce joint pain and swelling Promote mobility and preserve joint function Promote growth and development Promote independent functioning Help the child and family to adjust to living with a chronic disease Moist heat packs before getting OOB NSAIDS, steroids, methotrexate 17

Scoliosis 18

Scoliosis (cont.) More common in girls Two types –Functional—caused by poor posture –Structural—caused by changes in the shape of the vertebrae or thorax Usually accompanied by rotation of the spine Hips and shoulders may appear to be uneven 19

Scoliosis (cont.) Treatment –Aimed at correcting curvature and preventing severe scoliosis Curves up to 20 degree- no treatment Curves 20 degrees to 40 degrees require - Milwakee brace Curves greater than 40 degrees –Spinal fusion is performed 20

Family Violence Affects children of all social classes Includes –Spousal and child abuse –Neglect –Maltreatment 21

Assessing for Child Abuse 22

23

24