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 Describe how the nervous system works.  Describe the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems.  Describe the function of the sympathetic system.  Explain common injuries to the spine.  Describe the management protocols for an athlete with a back injury.  Explain the symptoms of intervertebral disc herniation.

 There is a natural curvature to the spine  Sections o Cervical-7 o Thoracic-12 o Lumbar-5 o Sacrum-5 fused o Coccyx-3 or 4 fused

 Bones in the spine are called vertebras  Irregular shaped bone  Different by section o Cervical smaller, lumbar larger  Body  Foramen  Spinous and transverse process

 Located in between each vertebrae  Allows for movement and flexibility in spine  Two parts o Nucleus pulposus Jelly like part o Annulus fibrosus Cartilage  Poor blood supply

 Forward Head  Kyphosis-excessive roundedness in thoracic spine

 Lordosis-excessive forward curve in lumbar spine  Scoliosis-abnormal side to side

 Worst injuries occur with neck in flexion  Fracture of cervical vertebrae can cause quadriplegia o Paralysis of all 4 limbs  Should leave football helmets on

 Spondylolysis: Stress fracture or bone degeneration of the vertebrae  Spondylolisthesis: vertebrae slips onto the bone beneath it

 Nucleus pulposus seeps through the annulus fibrosus and presses on the spinal cord  Usually in older people  Unilateral leg pain

 Usually in erector spinae, latissimus dorsi, or trapezius muscles  Can be overuse or acute  RICE  E-stim  stretching

 Pelvic Tilt  Single knee to chest  Double knee to chest  Partial sit up  Hamstring stretch  Hip flexor stretch  Squat

 Prone lying  Prone lying on elbows  Prone Press-Ups  Progressive extension with pillows  Standing extension