Sustaining Ethical Aquatic Trade FP7 –KBBE-2007-2A FP7 Cooperation Work Programme: Theme 2 – Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, and Biotechnology Institute.

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Sustaining Ethical Aquatic Trade FP7 –KBBE A FP7 Cooperation Work Programme: Theme 2 – Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, and Biotechnology Institute of Aquaculture

Team SEAT Little, D.C., F.J.Murray; T.C.Telfer; J.A. Young; L.G. Ross; B. Hill; A. Dalsgard; P. Van den Brink; J.Guinée, R Kleijn, R.Mungkung; Y. Yi; J. Min; L. Liping; L. Huanan; L. Yuan; Y. Derun N. T. Phuong; T. N. Hai; P T Liem: V N Ut: V.T. Tung:; TV Viet: K Satapornvanit; T. Pongthanapanich;.M A.Wahab; AKM Nowsad Alam; M M. Haque, MA Salam; F. Corsin; D.Pemsl, E. Allison; M.C.M Beveridge; I.Karunasagar;R. Subasinghe; M.Kaiser, A.Sveinson Haugen, S.Ponte

SEAT Consortium – Asia Country Partners 1.Thailand: Kasetsart University: 2.China: Shanghai Fisheries University 3.Vietnam: Can Tho University, Aquaculture and Fisheries 4.Bangladesh: Bangladesh Agricultural University

SEAT Consortium - EU 1.University of Stirling (UK) – Aquaculture systems, environmental modelling, Marketing 2.CEFAS Fish disease Lab (UK) – EU Policy 3.University of Copenhagen (DK)- Veterinary Pathobiology & Public Health 4.Wageningen University (NL) - Ecotoxicology 5.Leiden University (BG) – Life Cycle Analysis 6.Bergen University (NO) - Ethics 7.Danish Inst. for International Studies (DK) – Political economy & global value chains

SEAT Consortium - International 1. World Wildlife Fund: (Pangasius Aquaculture Dialogue) 2. World Fish Center, Dept. Policy Economics and Social Science 3. FAO: Institute for Fish Utilisation and Trade

Background and Objectives Seafood trade - highest value food sector Asia main EU supply – rapid growth EU standards: food safety, (animal welfare) Market standards: environmental, social Harmonisation? Evidence-based multidisciplinary approach Ethical Aquatic Food Index (EAFI)

Rayner, 2009

Project Scope Country/ Species Tilapia Pangasius Catfish Marine Shrimp Freshwater Prawns China√√√√? Vietnam√√√ (√) Thailand√√√√√ Bangladesh(√)√√√ Europe (√)(o)

Emergent ‘seafood’ commodities Giant Freshwater prawn Striped river catfish Photo credit: Francis Murray

From discounted domestic product to export value-add Tilapia Photo credit Peter Edwards

Local or foreign? Penaeus monodonPenaeus vannamei Photo credits Jimmy Turnbull

Overall Objectives Interdisciplinary understanding of emergent Asian aquatic food chains Develop improved/ transparent measures of sustainability for target production systems (EAFI). Enhance sustainability & ethical ‘values’ of four major aquatic food commodities through action research Enhance farmed seafood, scientific, business and policy linkages between Asia and Europe

LUWFCUCPHWU UOSKUCTU SFU BAU Europe Stakeholders Asia CEFAS UBWWF FAO Research Action DIIS

Work Packages Systems analysis Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) Environmental & contaminants modelling Food safety and public health Social and economic issues Action research with SMEs Certification dialogue GVCs & access asymmetries Ethical matrix assessment

Demand for Aquaculture Products (FAO Food Outlook 2008) Per caput food consumption: kg/year /06 %+ Food fish From capture fisheries From aquaculture

Vietnam Pangasius Exports (42% CAGR)

Comparative advantage Photo credits Flavio Corsin

Local subsistence to global value chain Photo credits Flavio Corsin

Peneid Shrimp 48% of shrimp from Aquaculture 1,213,063 MT 12% 940,671 MT 28% 414,227 MT 18% 197,135 MT 4% 35,700 MT 21%

‘000MT Black Tiger & White Shrimp aquaculture in TH, VN and ID 9% 14% 69% 97% FAO 2008

Sustainability –weak and strong –production to consumption Ethical consumption –power relations in producer countries and between consumer and producer networks Standards setting and certification-major issues

‘Qualities’ Food safety as given A host of ethical and sometimes contradictory qualities Deliverable by smaller- scale producers? Optimising benefits to poorer actors Certification as entry barriers

Reducing risks of global trade Trends to consolidation Continued importance of family enterprises and MSMES Clusters of enterprises- –environmental impacts –health management issues –BUT accessibility to producers

Challenges Increasing trust among consumers A ‘sustainability’ and ‘QC’ culture among producers Asymmetries in information flows Support a move away from single interest standards Two way responsibilities of consumers and producers