Heat in changes of state Section 11.3

After reading Section 11.3, you should know: The difference between fusion, solidification, vaporization and condensation How to calculate the heat changes for each type of reaction

Definitions Molar heat of fusion (∆Hfus) – the heat absorbed by one mole of a substance in melting from a solid to a liquid at constant temperature. Table 11.5 (pg 308) Molar heat of solidification (∆Hsolid) – the heat released when one mole of a liquid solidifies at constant temperature. Determined from Table 11.5 (pg 308)

Definitions Molar heat of vaporization (∆Hvap) – the amount of heat absorbed when one mole of a given liquid is vaporized. Table 11.5 (pg 308) Molar heat of condensation (∆Hcond) – the amount of heat released when one mole of a vapor condenses. Determined from Table 11.5 (pg 308)

Definitions Molar heat of solution (∆Hsoln) – the heat change caused by the dissolution of one mole of a substance; can be absorbed or released. Molar heat of combustion (ΔHcomb) – heat of reaction for the complete burning of one mole of a substance. Table 11.4 (pg 305)

How they all relate (values on pg 308) Hsolid and Hfus are opposites Hsolid = - Hvap H2O(s) --> H2O(l) Hfus = 6.01 kJ / mol H2O(l) --> H2O(s) Hsolid = - 6.01 kJ / mol Hvap and Hcond are opposites, too! Hvap = - Hcond H2O(l) --> H2O(g) Hvap = 40.7 kJ / mol H2O(g) --> H2O(l) Hcond = - 40.7 kJ / mol

Heating Curve for Water ∆Hvap ∆Hfus

Constants for H20 ∆Hfus = 6.01 kJ/mol ∆Hvap = 40.7 kJ/mol ∆Hsolid = − 6.01 kJ/mol ∆Hcond = −40.7 kJ/mol Cp (ice) = 2.06 J/goC Cp (water) = 4.18 J/goC Cp (steam) = 2.02 J/goC

Sample Problem How many grams of ice at 0oC and 101.3 kPa could be melted by the addition of 2.25 kJ of heat? Known Values: Unknowns: Melting = ∆Hfusion grams of ice = ? ∆Hfusion (H2O) = 6.01 kJ/mol 2.25 kJ of heat are absorbed ? Grams = 2.25 kJ 1 mol 18.0 grams = 6.74 grams 6.01 kJ 1 mol

After reading Section 11.3, you should know: The difference between fusion, solidification, vaporization and condensation How to calculate the heat changes for each type of reaction