Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches

Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes Francis Bacon John Locke –Tabula Rasa (blank slate) Empiricism

Psychology’s Roots Psychological Science is Born Wilhelm Wundt (1879) –University of Leipzig –Reaction time experiment G. Stanley Hall

Psychology’s Roots Thinking About the Mind’s Structure Edward Titchener –StructuralismStructuralism introspection

Psychology’s Roots Thinking About the Mind’s Function William James –FunctionalismFunctionalism

Psychology’s Roots Thinking About the Mind’s Function Mary Calkins Margaret Floy Washburn Experimental psychology

Psychological Science Develops Sigmund Freud

Psychological Science Develops Behaviorism –John B. Watson Rosalie Raynor

Psychological Science Develops Behaviorism –B.F. Skinner –“study of observable behavior” –conditioning

Psychological Science Develops Humanistic psychology –Carl Rogers –Abraham Maslow Cognitive Neuroscience

Psychological Science Develops Psychology –Science –Behavior –Mental processes

Psychology’s Biggest Question Nature – Nurture Issue –Biology versus experience –History Greeks Rene Descartes Charles Darwin –Natural selectionNatural selection

Psychology’s Three Main Levels of Analysis Levels of Analysis –Biological –Psychological –Social-cultural Biopsychosocial Approach

Psychology’s Three Main Levels of Analysis

Psychological Approaches/Perspectives Behavioral perspective Biological perspective Cognitive perspective Evolutionary perspective Humanistic perspective Psychodynamic perspective Social-cultural perspective

Psychology’s Subfields Psychometrics Basic Research –Biological psychologistsBiological psychologists –Developmental psychologistsDevelopmental psychologists –Cognitive psychologistsCognitive psychologists –Educational psychologistsEducational psychologists –Personality psychologistsPersonality psychologists –Social psychologistsSocial psychologists

Psychology’s Subfields Applied Research –Industrial/organizational psychologistsIndustrial/organizational psychologists –Human factors psychologistsHuman factors psychologists –Counseling psychologistsCounseling psychologists –Clinical psychologistsClinical psychologists –PsychiatristsPsychiatrists –Positive psychologyPositive psychology –Community psychologistsCommunity psychologists

Basic Research Subfields Cognitive psychologists Developmental psychologists Educational psychologists Experimental psychologists Psychometric and Quantitative PsychologistsPsychometric Social psychologists

Applied Research Subfields Forensic psychologists Health psychologists Industrial/organizational (I/O) psychologistsIndustrial/organizational (I/O) psychologists Neuropsychologists Rehabilitation psychologists School psychologists Sport psychologists

The Helping Professions Clinical psychologists Community psychologists Counseling psychologists