Government ch. 1 1.__________, a scholar from ancient Greece, was one of the first students of government. He studied the _____, the ancient Greek city-state.

Ch. 1 section 1 2. Politics, democracy, & republic, originated in ancient _______ & ______. 3. The word state comes from a form of the Latin word stare, meaning “__________”. Today the word state precisely identifies a political community that occupies a definite _________ and has an organized government with the power to make & enforce _____ w/o approval from any higher authority.

Sec 1 4. The United States was first used in ______ when the thirteen British colonies became states by declaring their independence. At that time however, each state thought of itself as a ________. 5. A ________ is any sizable group of people who are united by common bonds of _____, language, ________, tradition, and sometimes __________.

Sec 1 6. The term _____________ is used to describe a country in which the territory of both the nation and the state coincide. 7. The most obvious essential for state is ________. The nature of a state’s population affects its _________. 8. The key characteristic of a state is its _______________. This means that the state has supreme and absolute authority within its territorial boundaries.

Sec 1 9. ______________ is the institution through which the state maintains social order, provides public services, and enforces decisions that are binding on all people living within the state. 10. Some people believe that the state evolved from the basis of the ___________ theory. The head of the primitive family was the authority that served as a government.

Sec 1 11. The ______ theory says that government emerged when all the people of an area were brought under the authority of one person or group. 12. The ____________ theory says that the rulers were either descendants of gods or at least chosen by gods. 13. Thomas _________ of England came up with the ______________ theory. By contract, people surrendered to the state the power needed to maintain order. The state then agreed to protect its citizens.

Sec 1 14. John _______ took the social contract a step further. In ____ the British Parliament forced King _______ II out of office and invited ______________ of Orange to rule. He wrote that people were born with the right to life, ______, and property. If the government didn’t preserve these rights of the people, the people could then break the contract. Nearly a century later, the American colonies revolted against King _________ III.

Sec 1 15. Today’s government serves several major purposes for the state. 1) to maintain ______ order 2) to provide ________services 3) to provide for national ________ and a common _______ & 4) to provide for and control the ____________ system 16. Of course governments can require people to do things they might not do voluntarily, such as pay _____ or serve in the _______.

Sec 2 1. A ________ system of government gives all key powers to the national or central gov’t. This means that the central gov’t has the power to create state, provincial, or other local governments and may give them limited sovereignty. 2. A ________ system of gov’t divides the powers of gov’t between the national gov’t and state or local governments.

Sec 2 3. A _____________ is a loose union of independent states. 4. A _____________ is a plan that provides the rules for gov’t. 1) its sets out ideals that the people bound by the constitution believe in and share 2) it establishes the basic structure of gov’t and defines the government’s ______ & duties 3) it provides the ____________ for the country

Sec 2 5. The US Constitution, drawn up in ______ is the oldest written constitution still serving a nation today. 6. Constitutional government refers to a gov’t in which a constitution has authority to place clearly recognized limits on the powers of those who govern. 7. However, constitutions are considered to be ____________. First, no written constitution by itself can possibly spell out all the laws, customs, and ideas that grow up around the document itself. Secondly, a constitution does not always reflect the actual practice of gov’t in a country.

Sec 2 8. The _____________ to the US Constitution states the major goals of American government. 9. The US Constitution has _ articles containing a total of __ sections. 10. Constitutional law involves the interpretation and application of the constitution. 11. The effort to control or influence the conduct & policies of gov’t is called politics.

Sec 2 12. Industrialized nations have generally large industries and advanced technology that provide a more comfortable way of life than developing nations. 13. Developing nations are only beginning to develop industrially. In the poorest countries, starvation, disease, and political turmoil are a way of life. Many nations of Africa, south of the ______ and Southeast Asia are developing nations.

Sec 2 14. ___________, the group that staged the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist strikes against the US is an example of quasi-military organizations that use terrorism to gain their objectives. Al-Qaeda is composed mostly of Islamic radicals drawn largely from Middle Eastern countries. 15. The _____ __________ Army (IRA) is one example of a nationalist organization whose goal is to establish an independent state for a particular ethnic or religious group. The aim of the IRA is to integrate Ireland & Northern Ireland into a single country under one Irish government.

Sec 2 16. The ____________ Liberation Organization (PLO) claims to represent all Palestinians struggling to gain territory within the state of Israel as their own national homeland.

Sec 3 1. In a _______, voters are the source of the government’s authority. Elected representatives who are responsible to the people exercise that power. 2. ______ vs. the United States 1944 – Supreme Court did uphold the rights of Mitsuye Endo. A native born citizen, Endo was fired from a California state job in ____ and sent to the War Relocation Authority’s right to detain a loyal American citizen. 3. Republicans and the Democrats have become the major political parties in the US.

Sec 4 1. Pure ________ has five main characteristics: 1) _________ ownership & control of property & economic resources 2) free _________ 3) ___________ among businesses 4) freedom of _______ 5) the possibility of _____

Sec 4 2. In 1776 Adam _______ provided a philosophy for this new system. Smith described capitalism in his book The Wealth of _______. From his writings came the theory of ____________. Gov’t should keep its hands off the economy. The governments role is strictly limited to those few actions needed to ensure free __________ in the marketplace.

Sec 4 3. __________ has three main goals 1) the distribution of wealth & economic opportunity _______ among people 2) society’s control through its gov’t, of all major decisions about production 3) _______ ownership of most land, of factories, and of other means of production 4. Karl ____ wrote The Communist Manifesto in ____. He believed that eventually only a few capitalists would control all of the wealth.

Sec 4 5. In Communist nations, _____ planners decide how much to produce, what to produce, and how to distribute the goods and services produced. This system is called a ___________ economy. Example- ______.