CHAPTER 10—THE AMERICA OF WASHINGTON & ADAMS

THE AMERICAN SCENE -90% RURAL -95% LIVE EAST OF APPALACHIA NEW STATES—TENN, KENTUCKY, OHIO AND VERMONT

WASHINGTON’S 1 ST TERM 1789 UNANIMOUS CHOICE FOR PRES. NEEDS ADVISORS—DEVELOPS THE CABINET  SEC. OF STATE—JEFFERSON  SEC. OF TREASURY-HAMILTON  SEC. OF WAR-KNOX  SUPREME COURT CHIEF JUSTICE—JOHN JAY FED. JUDICIARY ACT OF 1789—DESIGNS FED. COURT SYSTEM

BILL OF RIGHTS Promised to the anti-Federalists in return for ratification 1791—1 st 10 amendments Amendments can be either: a-proposed by 2/3 vote of Congress Or b-state constitutional conventions propose and pass them with 2/3 vote -Madison—fears state conventions will not approve all 10 amendments 9 th amendment-All rights not listed in constitution are given to the people 10 th amendment-rights not delegated to the federal gov’t is given to the states

ECONOMIC PLANS OF HAMILTON REPORT ON PUBLIC CREDIT  US DEBT $54 MILL  STATE DEBT $20 MIL  PLAN #1 ASSUMPTION OF STATE DEBTS Why do this??

Plan Part #2-  REPAYMENT OF ALL DEBTS BY FEDERAL GOV’T FUND NEW DEBT BY EXCHANGING EXISTING BONDS WITH NEW BONDS AT A HIGHER RATE --BANKERS/MERCHANTS MAINLY HOLD BONDS  ***passed only with a bargain between Jefferson & Hamilton VA—gets to have capital “District of Columbia” in return for votes for debt assumption

ECONOMIC PLANS PART 2 NATIONAL BANK  HAMILTON USE “NECESSARY & PROPER” CLAUSE “ELASTIC CLAUSE” BANK STARTED BY $2 MILL FROM FED GOV’T WITH PRIVATE INVESTOR $ WHY IS THIS NECESSARY????

ECONOMICS PART PROTECTIVE TARIFF 8% TAX ON IMPORTED GOODS HURT FARMERS --WHISKEY REBELLION 1794 Washington uses military

Washington’s Foreign Policy Washington’s 2 nd term 1789 French Revolution 1793 Reign of Terror  Federalists fear an “American Reign of Terror” -Dem-Republicans (anti-Feds) want to honor Franco-American Alliance of —War between Britain & France

NEUTRALITY PROCLAMATION Precedent setting Why does the US need to stay out of problems with France & Britain??

FOREIGN POLICY PROBLEMS Citizen Genet Incident Battle of Fallen Timbers (Michigan)  Gen.“Mad Anthony” Wayne vs. NW Indian tribes  Tribes had British guns  Treaty of Grenville 1794 Impressment of US sailors by French and British navy Jay’s Treaty 1794 Pay damages for American ships No promise to stop impressment, seizures or arms Leave fur posts in NW; US still owes Brits $; pay debts incurred before revolution Pickney’s Treaty 1794/5 With Spain—free navigation on Miss. River & gain land north of Florida Why does Spain give this to the US??

Washington’s Farewell Precedent setting  Stay neutral  2 term president  Cabinet for advice  Political parties are bad for the country

ELECTION OF 1796 ADAMS—Federalist JEFFERSON-Dem.-Republican party  in electoral college  Jefferson becomes Adams VP  12 th Amendment 1804  Pres/VP need be from the same party

ADAMS AS PRESIDENT 1795-Hamilton resigns  “High Federalists” want war with France -not a part of Adams Administration in 1797 PROBLEM WITH FRANCE 1-dislike Jay’s Treaty 2-French ships seize US warships-2 year undeclared war with France 3-XYZ affair 1797 Adams—starts Navy, Marine Corps, & increases $ for ships

ALIEN & SEDITION ACTS -anti-French, Federalist laws 1-increase residency requirements from 5 to 15 years 2-Pres can deport dangerous immigrants 3-Sedition—can’t criticize (verbal & written) President or gov’t 4*expires in 1801 so it doesn’t hurt chances in the next election

VA AND KY RESOLUTIONS Madison & Jefferson’s response to Alien & Sedition Acts  “compact theory” of gov’t (contract with people)  Federalists-exceeded their power  States and people can “nullify” laws they believe to be unconstitutional

CONVENTION OF 1800 Napoleon tries to make peace with US -pay for damages Annul-Franco-American agreement of 1778 Adams’ legacy— Kept US out of war!!