New Nation, Early Challenges Chapter 8, Sections 1 & 2

Do Now: Take a look at the “Word Wall” (on the wall to the right) Categorize the words under the following headings: Words I know Words I think I know Words I have no idea what they are

DO NEXT: Of the words that you put in the “I have no idea” column, pick three of the words and try to find them in your book and define them. Look in Chapters 8. Many of these words will NOT be in the glossary

Section 1-4 Click the Speaker button to replay the audio. Washington banner

President Washington Washington is sworn in as the first president under the new Constitution on April 30, 1789 Washington knew that he would be setting precedents (traditions) as the first president

Washington’s first cabinet -Thomas Jefferson – secretary of state -Alexander Hamilton – secretary of treasury -Henry Knox – secretary of war -Edmund Randolph – attorney general What does the cabinet do? How many cabinet members are there today?

Financial Problems Problem National debt was growing Needed to find a way to improve government finances and strengthen the nations financial reputation at the same time

Financial Problems Solution Hamilton’s plan led to compromise to pay off debt Tax on distilled whiskey Impose import tariff – lead to compromise with South to relocate capital to southern location (Washington D.C.)

Review: Recreate the chart below and complete. Use info from your notes to help you fill it in. The United States was in difficult financial trouble during Washington’s presidency. Alexander Hamilton, the secretary of the treasury, proposed several ways to help the United States build its financial reputation.

Federal Funds would pay new owners of bonds at original cost Creation of National Bank National taxes Protective tariffs Protest against paying new owners of bonds Opposition to a national bank Whiskey Rebellion to resist taxes Southerners opposed protective tariffs

Partner Activity Many economists say that the United States is still currently in a recession. Look up the words: recession, depression Is the United States currently in debt? What do you think is the U.S.’s current debt?

DO NOW: Recreate the diagram below and complete

Economic problems Whiskey Rebellion Native Americans and Northwest Territory French Revolution Impressment by the British Spanish restricting access to the Mississippi

Fighting over the National Bank Problem Only 8 state run banks existed Hamilton wanted to create a national bank that people could buy stock in Madison and Jefferson thought it would only benefit the wealthy Jefferson also said it was unconstitutional Alexander Hamilton

Fight over the National Bank Solution President asked both sides to write an opinion Washington sided with Hamilton and a national bank was created

Whiskey Rebellion Problem Resistance to tax on whiskey – locally made Farmers used whiskey for bartering July 1794 protest in Pennsylvania turn violent

Whiskey Rebellion Solution Washington sends in troops to crush rebellion Sends message that violence and rebellion will not change laws, only peaceful discussion can bring about change

Video

Review Create a flow chart to show the cause and effects of the Whiskey Rebellion Cause/Effect Whiskey Rebellion Cause Effects

Struggles in West Problem Native Americans deny authority of U.S. in West Native Americans would often combine forces with British and Spanish In November 1791 American forces were badly beaten by Chief Little Turtle of the Miami people near the Wabash River

Struggles in West Solution Washington sent Gen. Anthony Wayne to challenge the Native Americans August 1794 Wayne and army defeated over 1,000 Native Americans at Battle of Fallen Timbers Native Americans surrendered most of their land in Treaty of Greenville and opened most of Ohio to white settlement

French and British Relations Problem French Revolution turns bloody 1793 Britain and France go to war Some U.S. citizens support Britain, others support France France wanted U.S. to get involved British were practicing impressment of U.S. sailors

French and British Relations Solution Washington issued “Proclamation of Neutrality” – prohibited Americans from fighting in the war and British war ships from entering U.S. ports John Jay negotiated Jay’s Treaty with Britain but it did not deal with the issue of impressment Thomas Pinckney negotiated Pinckney’s Treaty with Spain which gave Americans free navigation of the Mississippi River