CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Transportation of nutrients, gases, and waste Protection from infection and blood loss Maintenance of body temperature Supply blood with oxygen Removal of carbon dioxide

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM BLOOD VESSELS “the roads, railway tracks, and airways of the body” Arteries Veins Capillaries BLOOD VESSELS “the roads, railway tracks, and airways of the body” Arteries “freeway” – carry blood AWAY from the heart Veins – carry blood TOWARDS the heart Capillaries “side streets”– tiny, ‘hair-like’ blood vessels where gas exchange occurs

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Heart – pump of the body About the size of your fist Your heart is a muscle (remember involuntary cardiac muscle!) that contracts and relaxes automatically approximately 70 beats per minute at rest The heart is divided into a right and left half – each are pumps and ensure there’s no mixing between oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood Each half of the heart is in charge of pumping blood through different blood vessel circuits

THE HEART 4 chambers of the heart Atria – right/left Ventricles – right/left Valves – ensure blood flows in a one direction tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral (bicuspid), aortic Veins – carry blood TOWARDS the heart Superior Vena Cava Inferior Vena Cava Pulmonary Vein* Arteries – carry blood AWAY from the heart Pulmonary Artery* Aorta Septum – separates the left and right ventricles septum

BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART

BLOOD FLOW FLOW CHART

BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART Oxygenated blood enters the left atrium through the pulmonary veins* The left atrium pumps the blood through the mitral valve into the left ventricle The left ventricle contracts and pumps the blood through the aortic valve towards the body systems where the oxygen is delivered through the capillaries The deoxygenated blood is transported back towards the heart through the veins. The superior and inferior vena cava both transport deoxygenated blood to the right atrium The right atrium contracts and pumps the blood through the tricuspid valve The right ventricle pumps the blood through the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary artery* which delivers the deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it become oxygenated blood through gas exchange in the capillaries The pulmonary vein then transports the oxygenated blood to the left atrium where the cycle is continued (about 70 times per minute!) Blood flow videoBlood flow video Blood flow video 2Blood flow video 2 *????????

WHAT MAKES THE ‘LUB-DUB’ NOISE? Lub Atria contract to fill ventricles Ventricles are full Tricuspid (T) and mitral (M) valves snap shut to prevent backflow Pulmonary (P) and aortic (A) valves are open Dub Ventricles contract Blood flows through pulmonary (P) and aortic (A) valves Pulmonary (P) and aortic (A) valve snap shut to prevent backflow Tricuspid (T) and mitral (M) valves are open Lub – T+M snap shut, P+A open Dub – P+A snap shut, T+M open

NOTEBOOK HEART Systole and Diastole

WHAT MAKES THE LUB-DUB NOISE?

ACTIVITY TIME 1.Turn to page 36 in your PINK notebook LABEL THE HEART COLOUR THE OXYGENTATED HALF IN RED AND THE DEOXYGENTATED HALF IN BLUE 2. Time-permitting: in groups of 3, create a song, skit, or comparison to explain the blood flow through the heart.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

When you breathe in (inhale) air is carried through your air passages and into your lungs, expanding them like a blown-up balloon. The expansion of your lungs would not be possible without respiratory muscles, such as pectoralis major and minor and the diaphragm. Pectoralis major and minor (chest muscles) lift your ribs up and out to make room for the lungs to expand

The diaphragm is the strong muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. When your diaphragm moves down, your lungs expand and suck in air. When you exhale, your diaphragm rises to squeeze carbon dioxide out of your lungs

PATHWAY OF RESPIRATION Nasal/Oral cavity  Pharynx  Larynx  Trachea  Bronchi (left and right lung) Bronchioles  Alveoli

1. Nasal cavity (nose)The hairs that line the inside wall are part of the air-cleansing system. 2. Oral cavity (mouth)Beneficial if nasal passages are temporarily obstructed by a cold. 3. Pharynx (throat)Collects incoming air from the nose and passes it down to the trachea. 4. Larynx (voice box)Contains vocal cords that produce sound when moving air is inhaled.

5. Trachea (wind pipe)Passage leading from pharynx to lungs. 6. Bronchi (tubes)Trachea divides into a left and right bronchi for each lung (left lung has two lobes/right has three). These tubes are lined with cilia that have a wave-like motion which carries MUCUS upward and out into the throat, where it is either coughed up or swallowed. The mucus catches and holds much of the dust, germs, and other unwanted matter that has invaded the lungs and thus gets rid of it.

7. BronchiolesSmallest subdivision of the bronchioles, at the end of which are the alveoli. 8. AlveoliSmall air sacs that collect the air inhaled. Also help destroy bacteria and irritants that might harm the lungs.

***Around each alveolus there is a network of blood vessels called capillaries. Oxygen from inhaled air passes into the capillaries, while carbon dioxide from blood that has already circulated around the body is passed back into the lungs to be exhaled.

SMOKING What do you think about when you hear the word SMOKING??????

Smoking is hazardous to all of the systems in your body, especially your respiratory system. When you smoke a cigarette, you inhale the smoke into your lungs. This means that your lungs are directly exposed to the 4,000 toxic substances in cigarette smoke. These substances can impair your lungs' ability to function and interfere with the mechanisms that protect your lungs against disease.impair your lungs' ability to function

CLOSER LOOK AT RESPIRATIONS: RESPIRATORY RATE (RR) Each respiration involves one inhalation (chest rises) and one exhalation (chest falls) Normally quiet, effortless and regular (both sides of the chest rise and fall equally) Factors that affect respiration rate: age, weather, exercise, pregnancy, menstrual cycle, emotions and stress If the chest barely moves, the breathing is called shallow If the chest rises and falls significantly with every breath, this is known as deep breathing Count how many respirations the client has in 30 seconds and then multiply it by 2 (table (pg. 667) – Normal Respiratory Rates by Age) Copy and practice procedure on pg. 668