ANCIENT EGYPT Land of the Nile

PeriodsTime Frame Nile Culture Begins3900 B. C. E. Archaic3100 – 2650 B. C. E. Old Kingdom2650 – 2134 B. C. E. Middle Kingdom2040 – 1640 B. C. E. New Kingdom1550 – 1070 B. C. E. Late Period750 – 332 B. C. E. Greek Ptolemaic Era332 – 30 B. C. E. Roman Period30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E. Historical Periods

Egypt by Satellite

The Nile River Valley

The Flooding of the Nile

Irrigation

Creation Myth At first, there was only Nun. Nun was the dark waters of chaos. At first, there was only Nun. Nun was the dark waters of chaos.chaos

Creation Myth One day, a hill rose up out of the waters. This hill was called Ben-Ben. On this hill stood Atum, the first god. One day, a hill rose up out of the waters. This hill was called Ben-Ben. On this hill stood Atum, the first god.

Creation Myth Atum coughed and spat out Shu, the god of the air, and Tefnut, the goddess of moisture. Atum coughed and spat out Shu, the god of the air, and Tefnut, the goddess of moisture.

Creation Myth Shu and Tefnut had two children. First, there was Geb, the god of the earth. Then, there was Nut, the goddess of the sky.

Creation Myth Shu lifted Nut up so that she became a canopy over Geb.

Creation Myth Nut and Geb had four children named Osiris, Isis, Seth and Nephthys. Osiris was the king of the earth and Isis was the queen. Nut and Geb had four children named Osiris, Isis, Seth and Nephthys. Osiris was the king of the earth and Isis was the queen.

Creation Myth Osiris was a good king, and he ruled over The earth for many years.

Creation Myth However, everything was not well. Seth was jealous of Osiris because he wanted to be the ruler of the earth.

Creation Myth Seth grew angrier and angrier until one day he killed Osiris. Osiris went down into the underworld and Seth remained on earth and became king.

Creation Myth Osiris and Isis had one son called Horus. Horus battled against Seth and regained the throne.

Creation Myth After that, Horus was the king of the earth and Osiris was the king of the underworld.

Cosmos gods gods spirits of deceased humans spirits of deceased humans  existed in divine realm, had many of gods’ abilities living humans living humans  pharaoh most important, bridged human and divine worlds

Maat Maat or ma’at was the Egyptian concept of truth, balance, order, law, morality, and justice. Maat or ma’at was the Egyptian concept of truth, balance, order, law, morality, and justice.EgyptiantruthlawmoralityjusticeEgyptiantruthlawmoralityjustice Maat was also personified as a goddess Maat was also personified as a goddessgoddess regulating the stars, seasons, and the actions regulating the stars, seasons, and the actions of both mortals and the deities, who set the of both mortals and the deities, who set the order of the universe from chaos at the order of the universe from chaos at thechaos moment of creation. moment of creation.

Maat associated with time associated with time cyclical pattern of renewal to maintain Maat cyclical pattern of renewal to maintain Maat annual Nile flood annual Nile flood succession of kings succession of kings daily journey of sun god Ra daily journey of sun god Ra

Journey of Ra

Soul and Body The Ancient Egyptians believed that a humanhuman soul was made up of five parts:soul the Ren, the Ba, the Ka, the Sheut, and the Ib. In addition to these components of the soul there was the human body, called the ha, meaning approximately the sum of bodily parts.

Representation of the Soul

Ib: The Heart important part of the soul important part of the soul seat of emotion, thought, will, and intention seat of emotion, thought, will, and intention key to the afterlife key to the afterlife

Social Classes

24 “letters” phonetic symbols Hieroglyphics

Papyrus

Daily Life

Middle Class Home

Peasant Home

Nobility

Egyptian Beauty

Scribe

Priest

1. Linen 6. Natron 2. Sawdust 7. Onion 3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud 4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads 5. Resin 10. Frankincense

Mummification

Valley of the Kings

Pyramids at Giza

Great Pyramid of Khufu

Great Sphinx

King Tut

Opening of the Mouth From the Book of the Dead

Opening of the Mouth Ceremony

Solar Bark A Boat for the Journey to the Afterlife Boat from a Pharaoh’s Tomb

The Weighing of the Heart

Final Judgment of the Dead