Chapter 13Lesson 1What is Matter? Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. All solids, liquids and even gasses are matter. Mass is the amount of matter in an object. The mass of an object does NOT depend on its shape. Ex.) your shirt has the same mass whether it is folded in your dresser or in a ball on the floor in your room. Volume is the amount of space the object takes up. Liquid is measured in milliliters and solid volume (lwh) is measured in cubic cm Weight is pull of gravity on the mass of an object. So on earth you can not lose weight without losing mass. Going to the moon, because it has less gravity, would allow you to lose weight without losing mass.

Density is a measure of the amount of matter in a given space. The more tightly packed the particles are, the more dense the object is. Two objects can be the exact same size but have different densities. EX) a tennis ball and a baseball may be the exact same size but the baseball is more dense because its particles are packed more tightly together. The density of an object is found using the formula Density = mass divided by volume Every substance has its own density. That is why a cork will float in water because it is particles are not as tightly packed as water particles.

Physical Properties: can be observed or measured without changing the substance into something else Ex) if you fold paper, it is still paper so being able to fold is a physical property. Physical properties: What it looks like (is it shiny, solid, texture) Malleable: can it be reshaped Ductile: can it be straightened into wire Can it conduct electricity? Can it dissolve in other substances? Is it magnetic? What is its freezing point and boiling point? Chemical Properties: tell how the substance forms a new substance when it reacts with something else Ex.) Since wood is flammable and burns, that is a chemical property because it changes into ash and gases.

Lesson 2 How Can Matter Change? States of Matter Solids: have a definite shape and volume. Its particles are very close together (have a strong attraction) and do not move very fast. Liquids: have a definite volume but the shape depends on the container it is in. Its particles move just fast enough that they can flow past each other. Gases: have no particular shape or volume. Particles move faster and in many different directions so gases spread out to take the shape of its container. Plasma: have many similar properties to gases but plasma can conduct electricity and are rarely found on Earth.

Changing State: the attraction of an object’s particles determine what state it is in. Temperature also can affect its state. If you heat an object, its particles gain energy and speed up. Melting: an object gains heat so its particles move more quickly and turn from a solid state to a liquid state. Freezing: heat is removed so its particles slow down and turn from a liquid state to a solid state. An objects freezing point is the same temperature as its melting point. Evaporation: liquid particles continue to speed up and move apart and turn from a liquid state to a gas state. Condensation: when gas particles lose energy, particles slow down and move closer together and turn from a gas state to a liquid state.

Physical Changes: change the size, shape, appearance, or state of matter without changing it into a different substance. Ex.) crumpled up paper is still paper, cutting down a tree is still wood, reshaping iron into a nail is still iron, dissolving salt in water is still salt, freezing water into an ice cube is still water. Chemical Changes: the piece of matter changes into a completely new substance with totally different properties. Ex.) When wood is burned it is no longer wood. It changes into a completely new substance, ash. When a chemical change occurs usually there are clues like heat or light is given off, there is a color change, or fizzing/bubbling.