Good Afternoon!! What do you know about the following?!? WRITE IT DOWN!!! Cuneiform PERSIA Mesopotamia Hammurabi Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

Ancient Egypt

Fertile Nile River

Impact of Climate arid climate = hot sun = large deserts = dry climate = oil skin make –up for sun protection and black paint to cut glare obstacles to invaders must irrigate crops

Political Organization pharaoh = pharaohs had absolute power and owned all land; however, they were expected to behave morally and were judged on good deeds. theocracy = pharaoh stood at center of religion, government, and army god-king government run by religious leaders

Economic System traded agricultural surplus: wheat barley (from Nile which provided silt) mining of large mineral deposits of copper which used for bronze tools. Gold and copper were mined by slaves which greatly enriched the royal treasury. had enough economic strength to support massive public works = Construction projects financed by the government for the benefit and use of its citizens

Religion polytheistic Akhenaton forces Egyptians to worship one god (monotheism) temporarily king believed to rule even after death; therefore, tomb more important than earthly palace belief in many gods

Preparations for the Underworld ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather. Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit

Materials used in Mummification **all classes planned for their burials** 1. Linen 6. Natron 2. Sawdust 7. Onion 3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud 4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads 5. Resin 10. Frankinsense

Preparation for Afterlife

Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II 1210-1200 B. C. E. Egyptian Mummies Seti I 1291-1278 B. C. E. Ramses II 1279-1212 B. C. E. Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II 1210-1200 B. C. E.

Journey to the Underworld The dead travel on the “Solar Bark.” A boat for the journey is provided for a dead pharaoh in his tomb.

Egyptian Book of the Dead

The Final Judgement Anubis Horus Osiris

Egyptian Social Hierarchy slaves

Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs Tutankhamon 1336-1327 B. C. E. Thutmose III 1504-1450 B. C. E. Ramses II 1279-1212 B. C. E.

Egyptian Priestly Class

Egyptian Scribe

Inventions / Innovations hieroglyphics originally pictographs, but eventually pictures represented words as well as sounds calendar developed (365 days and 12 months) hieroglyphics written on papyrus – Math: system of written numbers Science: Set broken bones Surgery checked pulse for economic, royal, and administrative info. a paper-like writing material created from the papyrus plant that grows on the banks of the Nile.

Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols

Papyrus => paper Hieratic Scroll Piece Papyrus Plant

Egyptian Math & Draftsmenship 1 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 What number is this?

Architecture Pyramids – tombs for pharaoh's afterlife built by peasants when Nile was flooded (not slaves)

Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara

“Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu

Giza Pyramid Complex

Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu

Ancient Egyptian Housing Middle Class Homes Peasant Homes

Scenes of Ancient Egyptian Daily Life

Making Ancient Egyptian Wine

An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves” Mirror Perfume Whigs

Champollion & the Rosetta Stone

Archaeologist, Howard Carter (1922)

King Tutankhamun’s Tomb

Treasures From Tut’s Tomb