Opening  You are the ruler of an ancient land.  Write down at least 5 rules you would enforce in your land.  Put answers in your NOTEBOOK FOR A GRADE!

Do Now  Please answer the following questions:  1) Name the two rivers that created the Fertile Crescent.  2) What modern country makes up the present day Fertile Crescent? (Hint US war)  3) Define the term cultural diffusion.  4) Name two inventions from the Sumerians?

A View of Egypt by Satellite

Nile River  Yearly flooding of the Nile brought the water and rich soil to Egypt.  The Nile flows north.  Egypt was the “gift of the Nile”.

The Fertile Nile Valley

The Annual Flooding of the Nile

Ancient Egyptian History PeriodsTime Frame Nile Culture Begins3900 B. C. E. Archaic3100 – 2650 B. C. E. Old Kingdom2650 – 2134 B. C. E. Middle Kingdom2040 – 1640 B. C. E. New Kingdom1550 – 1070 B. C. E. Late Period750 – 332 B. C. E. Greek Ptolemaic Era 332 – 30 B. C. E. Roman Period30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E.

Upper and Lower Egypt

Narmer: The Unifier  -Narmer or Menes unified the two kingdoms around 3,000 B.C.  -He created Egypt's first dynasty. (rule by one family)

Pharaohs  Pharaohs were considered gods by the Egyptian people.  They were the rulers of Egypt.  This type of government is called a theocracy (rule by religious leaders).  Pharaohs were the center of religion as well as the government and army.  Total control!!!!

Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs Thutmose III B. C. E. Ramses II B. C. E. Tutankham on B. C. E.

Opening IN YOUR NOTEBOOK ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS!!! 1)Name the two rivers that surrounded Mesopotamia. 2) Name the river the runs through Egypt. 3) Who was the head of the government in Ancient Egypt? 4) True or False: Polytheism is the belief in many gods.

Pyramids  They were the final resting place for the pharaoh and family.  Ka was the eternal life force of the pharaoh that would still be apart of the government.  Pyramids showed the strength of the Egyptian civilization= economic and technological strength.

Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara

“Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu

Giza Pyramid Complex

Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu

The Valley of the Kings

Egyptian Culture  Polytheistic= belief in many gods.  Top three gods: Re-----the sun god Osiris---- god of the dead *Isis the ideal mother and wife ***** Egyptians believed in an afterlife - They believed they would be judged for their deeds.

Egyptian Gods & Goddesses: “The Sacred ‘Trinity’” Osiris Isis Horus

Preparations for the Underworld Priests protected your KA, or soul- spirit ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather.

Mummification  Royals and elite Egyptians were mummified.  Drying the corpse to prevent decaying.

Materials Used in Mummification 1. Linen 6. Natron 2. Sawdust 7. Onion 3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud 4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads 5. Resin 10. Frankinsense

Preparation for the Afterlife

Egyptian Mummies Seti I B. C. E. Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II B. C. E. Ramses II B. C. E.

Journey to the Underworld A boat for the journey is provided for a dead pharaoh in his tomb. The dead travel on the “Solar Bark.”

Egyptian Book of the Dead

The Final Judgement Anubis Horus Osiris

Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants in the Afterlife

Life in Egyptian Society  Top= King, queen and the royal family  Then=other members of the upper class (gov’t officials, priests, army commanders)  Next= Middle class (merchants and artisans)  Bottom= Lower class (farmers, laborers and slaves) Imagine society like a pyramid.

Do Now  Please answer the following questions:  What is mummification?  What is an afterlife?  What was the purpose of pyramids?

Society cont.  You were not locked into your social class.  Could move up through marriage or success in their jobs.  To gain high status you had to read and write.  Women had many same rights as men.

Egyptian Social Hierarchy

Egyptian Nobility

Egyptian Priestly Class

Egyptian Scribe

Ancient Egyptian Housing Middle Class Homes Peasant Homes

Scenes of Ancient Egyptian Daily Life

Egyptian Writing  Hieroglyphics- the writing system in Egypt.  First written on stone and clay but then to papyrus. (paper like)

Papyrus  Paper Papyrus Plant Hieratic Scroll Piece

Hieroglyphic “Cartouche”

Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” phonetic symbols

Rosetta Stone  A stone found in 1799 with three writings on it.  Hieroglyphics, a simpler form of hieroglyphics and Greek.  **** This stone gave clues to what the meaning of the hieroglyphics were.*******

Champollion & the Rosetta Stone 1822