Entrepreneurship FYS September 20 th, 2012

What is APA formatting?  American Psychological Association  Citing sources within the social sciences

General Formatting Rules  Double spaced  1-inch margins  12 point font that’s easily readable (Times New Roman recommended)

Parts of an APA Essay  Title page  Abstract  Main body  References

Title Page  Running header  Title, authors name, institutional affiliation

Running head: flush left Page number: flush right Full title Name Affiliated institution Top half of page

Abstract  Mainly useful in research papers  Should include the page header  Center the word “Abstract” on the first line  On the next line, type a short summary of the key points of your research  May include key points, which go on the line after the abstract  Between words

Running head: flush left Page number: flush right Centered, no other formatting No indentation Italicized, indented

Main Body  Include the running header, number the first text page as 3  Type and center the full title of the paper at the top of the page.  Type the text double-spaced with all sections following each other without a break  Identify sources used with parenthetical in-text citations

References  Continue the running header with page number  Type and center “References” on the first line (no bolding, underlining, etc.)  Generally include author, publication year, article title, page #, etc.  LOTS of referencing rules Consult Purdue OWL site or use trusted online citation generator (Son of Citation Machine)

In-text Citations  Author-date method when indirectly quoting material Example: Doubt is a common feeling in the business world (Hsieh, 2010). Or: As Hsieh (2010) alludes to in the book, doubt is a common feeling in the business world.

In-text Citations  Direct short quotes – (Author, date of publication, and page number). Example: As he put it, "It just goes to show that you never know when something you perceive as a negative will ultimately turn out to be a good thing" (Hsieh, 2010, p. 214). Or: As Hsieh (2010) put it, "It just goes to show that you never know when something you perceive as a negative will ultimately turn out to be a good thing" (p. 214).  Short quotes are ≤40 words

In-text Citations  Direct long quotes –. (Author, date of publication, and page number)  Long quotes are >40 words  Example: When referring to these obstacles, he wrote: To an outsider, it may have seemed like a desperate and reckless plan. But in my mind, it wasn't. We had taken Zappos this far, and there was no turning back now. In my heart, I knew it was the right thing to do. I believed in Zappos. (Hsieh, 2010, p. 103)

In-text Citations  Or: When referring to these obstacles, Hsieh (2010) wrote: To an outsider, it may have seemed like a desperate and reckless plan. But in my mind, it wasn't. We had taken Zappos this far, and there was no turning back now. In my heart, I knew it was the right thing to do. I believed in Zappos. (p. 103)

In-text Citations  2 authors: (Wegener & Petty, 1994).  3-5 authors: 1 st time: (Kernis, Cornell, Sun, Berry, & Harlow, 1993). Subsequently: (Kernis et al., 1993).  6 or more authors: (Harris et al., 2001) or Harris et al. (2001) argued...  Unknown author: (“Title,” date).  Other special cases: consult the Purdue OWL site

Purdue Online Writing Lab

References  Angeli, E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderlund, L., & Brizee, A. (2010, May 5). General format. Retrieved from resource/560/01/