The Non-proteobacteria Gram-Negative Bacteria G- bacteria not closely related to Proteobacteria Includes several photosynthetic bacteria oxygenic and anoxygenic

Taxonomy of photosynthetic gram negative, non-proteobacteria: Cyanobacteria, Chlorobi (green sulfur) and Chloroflexi (green non-sulfur) Gram negative, Proteobacteria Purple sulfur bacteria (alpha) and purple non-sulfur bacteria (gamma)

Cyanobacteria Blue-green “algae” Unicellular, filamentous or colonial Gliding motility or gas vacuoles Adaptable to nutrient poor environments Fix nitrogen (heterocysts) and CO2

Cyanobacteria

Oxygenic photosynthesis May be responsible for oxygenating atmosphere light 2H2O + CO2 (CH2O) + H2O + O2

Green (Chlorobi) and purple (Proteobacteria) sulfur bacteria Anoxygenic photosynthesis produces sulfur rather than oxygen light 2H2S + CO2 (CH2O) + H2O + 2S0

Green (Chloroflexi) and purple (Proteobacteria) non-sulfur bacteria Anoxygenic photosynthesis Use organic compounds to reduce carbon dioxide Don’t release oxygen or sulfur as by-product

Chlamydiae Chlamydia and Chlamydophila gram (-) coccoid Collectively called the chlamydias gram (-) coccoid Obligate intra-cellular pathogens Transmitted by direct contact or airborne Distinguished by complex life cycle

Unique life cycle with two cellular forms Elementary body is infectious stage (extracellular) Reticulate body is reproductive stage (intracellular)

Chlamydia trachomatis Leading cause of preventable blindness STDs Nongonococcal urethritis -most common STD in US Lymphogranuloma venereum Chlamydophila pneumoniae mild form on pneumonia Chlamydophila psittaci psittacosis or ornothosis transmitted by birds

Spirochetes Coiled morphology like a metal spring Axial filaments Treponema – causes syphilis Borrelia – Lyme disease transmitted by ticks or lice Leptospira – Leptospirosis from urine contaminated water

Bacteroidetes Prevotella Cytophaga Anaerobic rods Common inhabitant of human mouth Cytophaga gliding motility degrades cellulose and chitin in soil

Bacteroides non-motile found in gingival crevices and large intestine 1 billion/gram of feces Frequently recovered from deep tissue infections Infections usually caused by puncture wounds or surgery

Fusobacteria Fusobacterium Anerobic Often pleomorphic may be spindle shaped Fusobacterium Slender pointed rods Found in gingival crevices May be involved in dental abscesses

Planctomycetes Budding bacteria that blurs line between cell type Planctomyces Aquatic stalked bacteria with no PTG in cell wall Gemmata Double membrane around DNA

Deinococcus Includes only two species resistant to extreme environments Deinococcus radiodurans Thermus aquaticus