The First People Chapter 2.1 Notes

Scientists Study Remains Scientists study the remains of early humans to learn about prehistory. Hominids and early humans first appeared in East Africa millions of years ago. The ability to walk on two legs was a key point in human development. Not all scientists agree about the meanings of their discoveries.

Hominids & Early Humans Homo habilis was found in the 1960s and was found to be closer to man than ape. Homo erectus walked completely upright like people today. Homo erectus learned to control fire for cooking, heat, and protection. All people today are homo sapiens or “wise men.”

Stone Age Tools First Tools Later Tools Sharpened stones struck by a rock to leave a jagged edge & handle Hand ax made from flint. Used to break tree limbs, dig, and cut animal hides Mostly used to process food (cutting, chopping or scraping roots, bones, or meat) Attached wooden handles to create a spear for throwing, which allowed them to hunt larger animals

Hunter-Gatherer Societies Society Language, Art & Religion Lived in small groups with cave shelters and traveled to follow their food. Language helped hunting, relationships, and to resolve issues like food distribution. They were hunter-gatherers. Carved figures out of stone, ivory, and bone and painted or carved on cave walls. Scientists believe early humans had their own religion.

Vocabulary Terms Prehistory – The time period before writing. Hominid – Early ancestors of humans. Ancestor – Relatives who lived in the past. Tool – Any handheld object modified to help people with a task Paleolithic Era – First part of the Stone Age. Society – Community of people who share a common culture. Hunter-gatherers – People who hunt animals and gather plants, seeds, and nuts for survival.