HAPPY FRIDAY Bellwork: On your bellwork write “Study for Quiz” and Turn it in.

H UMAN P EDIGREE – A F AMILY T REE P ROJECT Essential Question: “Why do offspring resemble both of their parents?” REQUIREMENTS FOR PEDIGREE POSTER SIZE: Smallest dimensions = 11 X 17 TITLE: Family Name KEY: Trait(s) & Gender Symbols FAMILY MEMBERS: First Names CONNECTEDNESS: Lines connecting people in the family

EXTRA CREDIT!!! - B RING UP YOUR SEMESTER AVERAGE TO PASSING OR A HIGHER LETTER GRADE ! Required: Siblings/You  Parents  Grandparents (0 points extra!) Extra Credit: Cousins/Siblings/You  Parents/Aunts/Uncles  Grandparents (10 points extra!) Extra Credit: Cousins/Siblings/You  Parents/Aunts/Uncles  Grandparents/Great Aunts/Great Uncles  Great Grandparents (20 points extra!) Going beyond Great, great grandparents will not receive further extra credit. (0 points extra!) Make a cupcake family tree, a 3D model, or a YouTube Video, etc… Let your imagination run WILD!!! (10 points extra!)

O VER THE BREAK ……. Widows Peak vs Non-Widows Peak Tongue-Rolling vs Non Tongue- Rolling Attached Ear-Lobes vs Unattached Ear-Lobes Hitchhikers Thumb vs Straight Thumb Almond Shaped-Eyes vs Round Shaped-Eyes Right-handed vs Left-handed Freckles vs No Freckles Cleft Chin vs Non-Cleft Chin Since some of you will see family members, see who has what and keep track of them. Choose ONE TRAIT from the following list that you want to follow along your family tree.

This activity is adaptable to everyone’s family situation. If you have any questions about how to draw a pedigree for your particular family, please see me. WARNING! Not completing the project will leave you in jeopardy of failing the 3 rd Six- Weeks/Semester.

C AN YOU IDENTIFY YOUR OWN GENOTYPES AND PHENOTYPES ? Hairline: Widow’s peak is dominant to straight hairline Eye Shape: Almond eyes is dominant to round eyes

Tongue Rolling: CAN roll the tongue is dominant to cannot Eyelash Length: Long eyelashes is dominant to short eyelashes

Lip Thickness: Thick lips are dominant to thin lips Hitchhiker’s Thumb: Hitchhiker’s thumb is dominant to straight thumb

S TANDARD : DESCRIBE HOW TECHNIQUES SUCH AS DNA FINGERPRINTING … ARE USED TO STUDY THE GENOME OF ORGANISMS (B.6H) E SSENTIAL Q UESTION : H OW CAN DNA FINGERPRINTING BE APPLIED TO STUDY ORGANISMS ?

G ENETIC N OTECARDS PERIODS 4 & 5 D UE F RIDAY (12/12/14) Karyotype Trisomy 21 DNA Fingerprint Gene Allele Hybrid Purebred Recessive Dominant Genotype Phenotype Homozygous Heterozygous Monohybrid Dihybrid Pedigree Co-Dominance Incomplete Dominance Polygenic Sex-Linked Meiosis Gamete Haploid Diploid

DNA P ROFILING (DNA fingerprinting)

W HAT IS DNA P ROFILING ? A technique used by scientists to distinguish between individuals of the same species using only samples of their DNA

S TAGES OF DNA P ROFILING Stage 1 : Cells are broken down to release DNA

S TAGES OF DNA P ROFILING Stage 2: The DNA is cut into fragments using restriction enzymes, which cut the DNA at a specific base sequence

S TAGES OF DNA P ROFILING Stage 3: Fragments are separated on the basis of size using a process called gel electrophoresis.

S TAGES OF DNA P ROFILING DNA is negatively charged so it is attracted to the positive end of the gel. The shorter DNA fragments move faster than the longer fragments. DNA is separated on basis of size.

S TAGES OF DNA P ROFILING A radioactive material is added which combines with the DNA fragments to produce a fluorescent image. A photographic copy of the DNA bands is obtained.

S TAGES OF DNA P ROFILING Stage 4: The pattern of fragment distribution is then analyzed. AKA where the bands are on the gel

DNA SAMPLES CAN BE OBTAINED FROM BLOOD, HAIR, URINE, SALIVA, SKIN, SEMEN, OR VAGINAL SECRETIONS.

U SES OF DNA P ROFILING DNA profiling is used to solve crimes and medical problems

E XAMPLE A violent murder occurred. The forensics team retrieved a blood sample from the crime scene. They prepared DNA profiles of the blood sample, the victim and a suspect as follows:

W AS THE SUSPECT AT THE CRIME SCENE ? Suspects Profile Blood sample from crime scene Victims profile

S OLVING M EDICAL P ROBLEMS DNA profiles can be used to determine whether a particular person is the parent of a child. A childs paternity (father) and maternity(mother) can be determined. This information can be used in Paternity suits Inheritance cases Immigration cases

B ABY D ADDY ?

E XAMPLE : A P ATERNITY T EST By comparing the DNA profile of a mother and her child it is possible to identify DNA fragments in the child which are absent from the mother and must therefore have been inherited from the biological father.

I S THIS MAN THE FATHER OF THE CHILD ? MotherChildMan

P RACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE ! You have the rest of the period to complete analysis worksheets. The worksheet is due at the end of the period. Yes, it is for a grade!