Starter 10/3 Classifying Items People organize or classify objects for different reasons. Classifying foods into groups, such as grains, vegetables, and fruits helps people plan meals that maintain a healthy diet. Biologists classify organisms into groups that have similar characteristics, which makes the relationships among organisms easier to see. 1.Devise a classification system for the following items: orange, lime, plum, apple, pear, rose, violet, daisy, gold, and silver. 2.Explain what criteria you used to place items into each category of your classification system.

Matter – anything that has mass or takes up space. Are these matter? - you, desk, water, dust, air

Properties Properties – characteristics used to describe an object Ex. Mass, volume, color

Mass- is a measure of the amount of matter in an object. UNITS – grams (g) or kilograms (kg). Volume – is a measure of how much space matter takes up. UNITS- cm 3 & m 3 OR mL & L

Volume of an irregularly shaped solid object You can not measure an irregularly shaped solid object by using volume= length x width x height You can measure its volume by measuring the volume of water the object displaces. The volume of water displaced by the object is equal to it’s volume. 1 ml = 1cm 3

Matter can be classified into two categories. 1. Pure Substances: –Element –Compound 2. Mixture

Pure Substance –Matter that ALWAYS has the same composition and properties. –Ex. Every pinch of sugar will be equally sweet as the pinch before. Salt is another example. –(Composition= how something is put together)

Elements –Made of only one type of atom –CAN NOT be broken down –Can be solid, liquid or gas –Ex. Hydrogen (H), Neon (Ne)

Compounds –Two or more elements CHEMICALLY combined in a specific ratio –CAN be broken down –Items in a compound take on new properties –Ex. Salt (NaCl) Water (H 2 O)

Classifying Matter Mixture – two or more elements PHYSICALLY combined with no specific ratio –No specific properties or distribution of parts –NOT A PURE SUBSTANCE

Starter 10/4 ItemLengthWidthheight Post –it cube7 cm 1 cm Book25 cm20 cm3 cm table550 cm60 cm3 cm 1.What is the formula for calculating volume ? 2. In 1-2 lines, explain what can you infer from the information given on the chart and how you know. 3. Calculate the volume of one item.

–Classified by how well it is mixed HOMOGENEOUS- very well mixed, can’t pick out the parts – ex. Iced tea, ocean water HETEROGENEOUS- not well mixed, easily notice different parts –Ex. Salad, chex mix, sand

Solutions – when something dissolves to form a homogeneous mixture –Transparent –Kool aid, tap water, chlorine Suspension- heterogeneous mixture that separates over time – salad dressing, oil and water

Starter 10/5 MATTER PURE SUBSTANCE MIXTURE

Starter 10/6 Combinationitem 1item 2after combination 1Clear liquidYellow liquidRed liquid 2Black metalClear liquidMetal on the bottom of the clear liquid Combinations of elements can be compounds OR mixtures 1.In 1-2 lines, describe the difference between compounds & mixtures 2. Make an inference: which combination could be a mixture? Why?

Starter 10/7 Create two practice quiz questions using your flip book or notes. –Make sure to write out the question and write the answer too. Quiz your neighbor

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Can be used to identify a material Can be observed without measuring or changing the item’s composition

Viscosity – – tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing –Higher = slower moving, thick –Lower = faster moving, thin/runny - Heat decreases viscosity Hardness- – testing the strength by scratching it against something

Conductivity – allows heat or electricity through it –Metals are good conductors Malleability –Ability to hammer (mallet) out without breaking –Opposite = brittle

Density: d= m/v – amount of mass inside an object’s shape –Unit – g/cm 3 – Dense objects feel heavier because they have lots of matter tightly packed in their shape –The density of water is1.0 g/cm 3 –Objects with density less than 1.0 g/cm 3 will float.

FIND THE DENSITY The block’s mass is 90 g Length (5 cm) Width (3 cm) Height (2 cm)

Melting Point – temperature when substances change from Solid  liquid Boiling Point – temperature when substances boil ***changes for each substance***

Chemical Properties Chemical Property – something that leads to a change in composition of matter

Flammability – – ability to burn when oxygen is present –Can be a good and bad property (lighter fluid SHOULD be flammable, Carpet is bad to be flammable) –Solids, liquids or gases.

Reactivity- – the ability to combine with another substance easily –Oxygen reacts with most substances Causes rusting of metals, allows fire to burn Nitrogen is not very reactive and is often added to reduce the other element side effects

Flammability – – ability to burn when oxygen is present –Can be a good and bad property (lighter fluid SHOULD be flammable, Carpet is bad to be flammable) –Solids, liquids or gases.

Reactivity- – the ability to combine with another substance easily –Oxygen reacts with most substances Causes rusting of metals, allows fire to burn Nitrogen is not very reactive and is often added to reduce the other element side effects

Starter 10/9 SUBSTANCEDENSITY (g/cm 3 ) IRON7.9 SALT2.2 WATER1.0 VEGETABLE OIL0.92 AIR CORK Which is the MOST dense item? 2.Which is the LEAST dense item? 3.Which items will float? 4.Draw a diagram of what a beaker might look like if you put water, oil and a cork in it.

Starter – 10/10

Starter 10/11 Creating and Interpreting Graphs Many people have pets. One survey of pet owners showed the following breakdown of the type of pets owned: 35% dogs; 35% cats; 10% birds; 5% hamsters, gerbils, mice, rats; 5% reptiles; and 10% other. 1.Copy the incomplete circle graph below on your paper. Complete the graph using the survey data. Estimate the angle of each section of your completed circle graph. Give your graph a title and label what each section of the graph represents. 2. In 1-2 lines, explain how viewing a graph might be easier for the reader