Semester 1 Exam START

CATEGORIES Classification Insects Microscopes Cells Scientific Method

CLASSIFICATION Back to Contents

Binomial Nomenclature Two part scientific name. (genus species)

Characteristics of living things M ovement R espiration S ensitivity G rowth R eproduction E xcretion N utrition

What are the seven layers of classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

What are the five different kingdoms Moneran Protist Fungi Plant Animal

What is Dichotomous Key? A key to help classify organisms

What evidence do we use to classify organisms Behavior and physical appearance Method used for reproduction, locomotion, diet and habitat Cells and DNA analysis

INSECTS Back to Contents

Characteristics of arthropods and insects Exoskeleton Invertebrate

Special insect orders Coleoptera – beetles Diptera – Flies Hymenoptera – Ants and Bees Hemiptera – Aphids Orthoptera – Grasshoppers and Crickets Lepidoptera – Butterflies and Moths

How do insects make sounds? Tymbals Beating their wings Spiracles Snapping mandibles

What are insects mouthparts called? What are the three different types of mouthparts? They are called mandibles The three different mouthparts are – piercing, sponging, siphoning.

Metamorphosis: What are the three types? Molting- shedding skin Incomplete – egg, nymph, adult Complete – egg, larva, pupa, adult

MICROSCOPES

Who are the three founding fathers of microscopy? Hooke Leeuwenhoek Janssen

What did Hooke accomplish? Observed cork “cells”; coined the term “cell”

What did Leeuwenhoek accomplish? Observed bacteria and protists

What did Janssen accomplish? First compound microscope

Total Magnification Eyepiece x objective lens

Eyepiece 4x Magnification; look through at the top

Barrel Changes resolution

Arm Used to hold the microscope

Revolving Nosepiece Allows you to change between magnification lenses

Stage Clips Holds the slide in place

Objectives Scanning, low power, high power lenses

Stage Stop Stops stage from moving

Stage Opening Allows light to come through

Stage Where the specimen rests

Coarse Focus Knob Moves stage for scanning and low power lenses only

Diaphragm Controls light (yay)

Illuminator With Bulb Light source

Fine Focusing Knob For high power ONLY

On/Off Switch Self explanatory

Base Bottom of Microscope

CELLS Back to Contents

What are Levels of organization from cells to organism? 1.Cells 2.Tissues 3.Organs 4.Organisms 5.Population 6.Community

What are the 2 types of Cells? Somatic (body cells) Gametes (sex cells)

Eukaryote cells vs Prokaryote cells Eukaryotic cellsProkaryotic cells Have nucleus Membrane-bound organelles Cell membrane DNA Liquid cytoplasm Ribosomes Some have cell walls Complex Both unicellular and multicellular Cell membrane DNA Liquid cytoplasm Ribosomes cell walls Simple Unicellular

Animal vs. Plant cell Animal cellsPlant cells Nucleus Cytoplasm Ribosomes Golgi body Mitochondrion Cell membrane Vacuole (smaller in animal cell) Endoplasmic reticulum Lysosomes (not in plant) Centrioles (not in plant) Nucleus Cytoplasm Ribosomes Golgi body Mitochondrion Cell membrane Vacuole (larger in plant cell than animal) Chloroplast (not in animal) Cell wall (not in animal) Endoplasmic reticulum

Nucleus Brain of cell

Cytoplasm Liquid substance in cell that holds organelles

Ribosomes Protein producers. They can be attached to the ER

Golgi Body External delivery system

Mitochondrion Convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions

Cell membrane Regulates what goes in and out of the cell

Vacuole Storage areas of a cell. Huge in plant cell.

Chloroplasts Capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food. (plant only)

Cell wall Stiff wall surrounding membrane. (plant only)

Endoplasmic Reticulum Internal delivery system

lysosomes Contain chemicals to break down food particles and worn out cell parts. (animals only)

Centrioles Help with cell division. (animals only)

What is diffusion Movement of molecules from areas of high to low concentration

What is osmosis Diffusion of water across a semi- permeable membrane

What is active transport Movement of molecules across a membrane using cellular energy. Often against concentration gradient

photosynthesis The process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight in order to make food

Respiration Process by which cells obtain energy from glucose

SCIENTIFIC METHOD Back to Contents

What are the steps of the scientific method? 1.Research 2.Problem Question 3.Hypothesis 4.Develop your Procedure 5.Collect and Record Data 6.Analyze Results 7.Draw Conclusions

Independent Variable The variable that you control

Dependent Variable Changes because of the Independent Variable

Experimental Group Tested Group

Control Group The group used for comparison

Control(s) What is kept constant throughout the experiment

Research Look up information to develop your hypothesis

Purpose/Proble m Question The purpose of the experiment

Hypothesis A statement that tells what you think is going to happen

Procedure Decide how you are going to do your experiment

Collect and record data When you do the experiment and you collect and record data

Analyze Results Translate your data into words

Draw Conclusions -Was your hypothesis correct?(y/n) -Why?(…) -What would you do differently next time? -What possible errors? -etc.

DONE DID YOU DO WELL? I CERTANLY HOPE SO!! YAY! Made By: Thomas Chimes Ryan McShane Alex Drummond Science!! Yay!! Back to Contents