Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley PowerPoint Lectures for College Physics, Eighth Edition Hugh D. Young and Robert M. Geller Lectures by James L. Pazun Chapter 24 Geometric Optics

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley Goals for Chapter 24 To study reflections from a plane surface. To see how reflections from a spherical surface add new features. To understand ray tracing and graphical methods for all mirrors. To study refractions at spherical surfaces and thin lenses. To adapt what we learned about ray tracing to graphical methods for lenses.

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley Reflections at a plane surface – Figure 24.1 Review key terms. object image real virtual distance to image distance to object magnification upright inverted

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley Refractions deceive your eyes – Figures 24.2,3 As the eye follows rays back to the mirror surface, the brain completes the path forming a virtual focus behind the mirror.

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley Sign rules for images and objects – Figure 24.4 The position of the object and the image determine sign convention. See the yellow box on the top of page 805.

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley Magnification – Figure 24.5 Height of image and object will determine the magnification. See the yellow box on page 805.

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley “Inverted” or “erect” defining terms – Figure 24.6 The appearance of the image with respect to it’s object reveals our description.

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley Plane mirrors exhibit left-right reversal – Figure 24.7 Have you ever looked at some emergency service vehicles and wondered what ECILOP or ECNALUBMA means? (Actually it’s even harder, the letters are reversed in their presentation).

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley Spherical mirrors – Figure 24.9 Reflections from a spherical mirror depend on the radius of curvature.

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley Concave spherical mirrors – Figure Refer to the information in the yellow box at the bottom of page 808.

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley The principal rays for mirror imaging – Figure Refer to the Conceptual Analysis 24.2 and Example 24.1 on page 810 of your text. These results are also obtained numerically with the mirror equations of section 24.2.

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley The convex spherical mirror – Figure Tracing the principal rays to find the virtual image for a convex spherical mirror.

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley Reflection and production of paraxial rays – Figure This type of mirror is an excellent choice for clandestine observation or automotive applications.

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley The image formed by a convex mirror –Example 24.2 Refer to the worked example on page 812 of your text and help Santa feel better about his image.

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley Specific ray tracing for mirror analysis – Figure Refer to the yellow box on page 813 for a complete description. Refer also to the Problem-Solving Strategy 24.1

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley A complete image construction - Example 24.3

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley Refraction at spherical surfaces – Figure 24.21

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley Glass rods in air or water – Examples 24.4, 24.5 The figure below refers to Example 24.4 The figure below refers to example 24.5

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley Optical illusions from refraction – Figures 24.25, 26 The image at right refers to worked Example 24.6

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley The converging lens – Figure The biconvex lens shown is but one in a series of thin lenses that we will examine by shape and ray tracing.

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley Object and image for a converging lens – Figure We will next find ourselves in a position to relate object and image by tracing the principal rays as we did with mirrors.

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley Lenses and left-right reversal – Figure It can be shown that lenses do not produces the left-right reversal that we observed with mirrors.

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley Diverging lenses and foci – Figure The focal point is imaginary. Refer to Conceptual Analysis 24.3.

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley Diverse shapes accommodate many uses – Figure Many different arrangements may be constructed depending on the lens shape. Refer to Figures 24.32, 24.33, and Quantitative Analysis 24.4.

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley Examples with a plano-concave lens – Figure Follow the worked examples 24.7 and 24.8 on pages of your text. This figure refers to example This figure refers to example 24.7.

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley The principal rays for thin lenses – Figure The results shown here graphically may also be obtained with the thin lens equations. Refer to pages Refer to the yellow text box on page 826 for a description of the principal rays.

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley Examples of thin lens analysis – Figure 24.37

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison-Wesley Examples of thins lens imaging – Figure 24.38, 39 Refer to Conceptual Analysis 24.5, the Problem Solving Strategy 24.2, Example 24.9 and Example This figure refers to Conceptual Analysis This figure refers to Example