Renaissance Art & Architecture The Rebirth of Classical Ideas?

Background & Phases 1050 – 1350 –Population growth –Economic development –City – states 1200 – late 1500s –Artistic shifts & achievement Bellini: Sacra Conversazione

Intellectual Development: Humanism Glorify Human Form & Potential Revival of classical antiquity Individualism Course of study Secular focus Titian: Assumption of the Virgin

Renaissance Italy City-States Power People –Medici (F) –Este (Ferrara) –Sforza (M) –Doge (V) –Pope (PS)

Florence Commerce / Trade Banking: Medici Textile Patronage

Renaissance Art: Techniques Religious >> Secular subjects Realistic Perspective Movement Symmetry Proportion Ghirlandiao: Adoration of the Shepherds

Medieval v. Renaissance Medieval –Flat –Religious –Static Renaissance –3-D –Secular / Human focus –Movement Ghirlandaio: Angel Appearing to Zacharias

Giotto de Bondone: The Mourning of Christ Florentine School * Fresco * Individuals

Massaccio: Tribute Money Florentine School * Perspective * Realism

Sandro Botticelli: Madonna of the Magnificat Expression Botticelli Face Emotional Double focal points: Crown + Book

Major Artists: Ninja Turtles! Raphael – Michelangelo – Donatello – Leonardo

Raphael: Pope Leo X with Two Cardinals 1518 Vatican Murals Commissioned by Pope Julius II Leo X = Julius II successor Focal Point = Face

Raphael: The School of Athens In the Vatican: Stanza della Signatura Blending of Greek + Renaissance Symmetry Perspective Depth Light

Leonardo da Vinci Renaissance Man –Multi-talented –Anatomy, mechanics, art, astronomy, weaponry… China?

Leonardo: The Last Supper Fresco * Symmetry * Individual Expression

Leonardo: Mona Lisa Symmetry “Sfumato” –Blur –Blend –Mystery The Grin

Leonardo’s Notebooks Vetruvian Man Anatomy advances painting & sculpture

Michelangelo: Sistine Chapel M = sculptor, painter, architect Commissioned by Pope Julius II 1508 Scaffold, personally completed Old & New Testament reflects the Renaissance Era

Michelangelo: Sistine Chapel

Renaissance Sculpture Classical Realism Free standing Marble & Bronze Full body, busts & reliefs

Humanism & Individuality Individuality portrayed in details

Ghiberti’s Doors - Florence 1423, Florentine, he was only 23! Bronze cast + gilding 20 yrs N doors 25 yrs E doors “Creation” Realism

Donatello’s David Free standing nude Proportion of human form 5’ tall, After beating Goliath

Michelangelo’s David Marble 16’ tall Details As David decides to battle Goliath Classical style, details

Renaissance Architecture Columns Arch Dome Harmony via proportion The Circle is key Math!

Church & Architecture RCC builds to draw people Tells the Biblical narrative Visual & Symbolic

Santa Maria del Fiore in Firenze Lily is symbol of Florence Firenze = Florence 1296 > 1418 complete, except for the dome… Filippo Brunelleschi took over, finished the “cupola” (dome) in Largest dome in the world when completed. Still largest masonry dome

Church Architecture: Florence Dilemma: Octagonal Building to Dome? Filippo Brunelleschi, 1418 figured out how to complete… ever decreasing circles with ribs to bear weight Scaffolding upwards

Brunelleschi’s Cupola aka Dome

Santa Maria del Fiore in Firenze

Church Architecture: St. Peter’s Michelangelo hired by Pope Paul III in 1546… worked until death in 1564 Inside St. Peter’s: –High Altar –Nave Ceiling Roman arches –Under Dome Single dome with arch support

Church Architecture: Bramante’s Tempietto Renaissance “Greatest Architect” Commissioned by K+Q of Spain: Ferdinand & Isabella St. Peter’s death site Doric columns + Roman dome, 15’ diameter

Northern Renaissance Erasmus Scholar, writer Reconcile Christian character w/ Humanism Colloquies, Adages, new Bible

Northern Renaissance Began in Flanders >> Holland A. Dűrer – Hans Holbein (Young) – van Eyck

Northern Renaissance A. Dűrer (G) –Woodcuts –Mass Marketing Holbein the Younger (G) –Portraits, Henry VIII –Expressions Van Eyck (Flem) –Oil Paint developer –Realism possible

English Renaissance: Elizabethan Era G. Chaucer –Canterbury Tales: Vernacular Sir Th. More –Utopia: Ideal place of virtue Spenser –Faerie Queen: Ode Shakespeare plays –Comedy, tragedy, morality

Renaissance Impact Genius of humanity all at once… why? Changed art & architecture forever Individualism drives future thought