The Renaissance Chapter 13 Part 2

Renaissance Art Differed from Medieval Art Differed from Medieval Art Italian Art differed from that in Northern Europe Italian Art differed from that in Northern Europe

Medieval Art Medieval Painting Medieval Painting Usually religious scenes and themes Usually religious scenes and themes Idealized with stylized and generic faces Idealized with stylized and generic faces Purpose: to convey the essence of the topic Purpose: to convey the essence of the topic Flat; one-dimensional Flat; one-dimensional Medieval Sculpture Medieval Sculpture Relief rather than free-standing Relief rather than free-standing Stiff and idealized Stiff and idealized Medieval Architecture Romanesque to Gothic: Medieval Architecture Romanesque to Gothic: Pointed arches, spires, busy details, no symmetry Pointed arches, spires, busy details, no symmetry

Italian Renaissance Painting Classical model: Classical model: Often Religious scenes BUT Often Religious scenes BUT Secular themes Secular themes Showcased unique and distinctive individuals Showcased unique and distinctive individuals NOT generic or stylized NOT generic or stylized Faces expressed emotion Faces expressed emotion Three-dimensional due to: shading, use of color, perspective Three-dimensional due to: shading, use of color, perspective

Italian Renaissance Art Sculpture: free-standing Nude Copied classical (Greek and Roman) models Celebrated individuals; not religion

Italian Renaissance Art Architecture: Classical models Rounded arches Balance Square Angles Symmetry Domes Restraint during the High Renaissance

New Techniques Perspective: delivered a 3-demensional effect Chiaroscuro: The use of dark and light colors to give the impression of depth Sfumato: Blurring or softening of lines (da Vinci)

New Techniques In sculpture…Contrapposto: a more natural stance with one foot in front of the other

In Northern Europe More detail…especially in the background More emotion than Italians Used Oil-Based paint ( the Italians used tempura but will borrow the oil-based from the North) Frequently a preoccupation with death North was less classical & more religious Reflected Christian Humanism

The Italian Renaissance Began… In the Quatracento (1400’s) In Florence The Medici’s were among the first with Donatello’s David for Lorenzo’s wedding Then the Sforza's of Milan commissioned da Vinci’s Last Supper

Donatello’s David

Donatello The first artist since antiquity to sculpt a free- standing nude figure

da Vinci’s The Last Supper

da Vinci’s Mona Lisa

da Vinci…a true Renaissance Man Artist Inventor You name it

Patronage… Was one way to flaunt one’s wealth Artists worked by accepting commissions Artists were respected and paid well Artists were sometimes seen as geniuses Local churches were also patrons of the arts

Brunelleschi’s Il Duomo was built for Santa Maria del Fiore Cathedral

Il Duomo The largest dome in Europe in its time Brunelleschi was called the Father of Perspective

Ghiberti’s two sets of doors were for Santa Maria del Fiore’s baptistery

The Door Panels Were called the Gates of Paradise by Michelangelo Ghiberti won a contest against Brunelleschi and won the right to sculpt the bronze doors Michelangelo’s David was intended for this baptistery

Giotto Was considered the first Renaissance Painter Three Panels The Lamentation

Giotto’s Lamentation

Michelangelo’s David

By the Cinquecento (1500’s) Rome was the leader Renaissance popes spent big bucks: Alexander VI Julius II Leo X

Commissioned by the Church: Michelangelo’s: Dome at St. Peter’s Cathedral Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel The Pieta

Michelangelo’s Dome at St. Peter’s

Michelangelo’s Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

Michelangelo’s Pieta

The Pieta At St. Peter’s Cathedral Considered to be the most perfect marble statue ever

Raphael Was a student of Michelangelo and da Vinci Painted LOTS of the Madonna and Child But also…School of Athens

Raphael’s School of Athens

Masaccio The first painter of the Renaissance to portray real, nude human figures in three dimensions Note the use of perspective

The Expulsion of Adam and Eve

Botticelli’s Birth of Venus Note the contrapposto

Titian The greatest painter of the Venetian school

Titian’s The Presentation of the Virgin