Citations and References

Components of a Reference Author’s or authors’ name(s) Year of publication Article or Chapter Title Journal or Book Title Volume Number Issue Number Location of Publication –City, State or City, Country outside of US –DOI or web address or database name Publisher Information

Journal Article Author, A. A. (YEAR). Title of the journal article. Title of The Journal, xx(#), pp-pp. doi: xxx.xxxxx.xx/xxx or URL of journal home page or Retrieved from Name of database

An Entire Book Author, A. A. (YEAR). Title of the book. City, State or Country (outside of US): Publisher.

A Chapter in a Book Author, A. A. (YEAR). Title of the chapter. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of the book (pp. xx-xx). City, State: Publisher.

Technical or Research Report Author, A. A. (YEAR). Title of report (Report No. XXXX). City, State: Publisher or Retrieved from Agency Site:

Components of a Citation Author(s): –Last name(s) only for citations Year of publication: Page number, if you are using a direct quote If the document is not paged, give paragraph number

One Author First use: –Smith (1999) found that youth... –...more like to engage in substance use (Smith, 1999). Second and subsequent use: –Smith also found that –However, Smith also found... –...are at greater risk (Smith, 1999). First in a new paragraph: –Smith (1999)...

Two Authors First use: –Nation and Heflinger (2006) define –...exposed to risk factors (Nation & Hiflinger, 2006). Subsequent use: –Nation and Heflinger explain.... –...risk factors are compounded (Nation & Heflinger, 2006) First use in a new paragraph: –Nation and Heflinger (2006)

Three, Four, and Five Authors First use: –De Kemp, Scholte, Overbeek, and Engels (2006)... –...related to increased delinquency (De Kemp, Scholte, Overbeek, & Engels, 2006) Second use: –De Kemp et al. (2006)... –...association with deviant peers (De Kemp et al., 2006) Subsequent use: –De Kemp et al. found that.... –...in youth (De Kemp et al., 2006). First use in a new paragraph: –De Kemp et al. (2006)...

Six or More Authors First use: –Jones et al. (2003) examined.... –...are more likely to see a difference (Jones et al., 2003) Subsequent use: –Jones et al. found –...greater understanding (Jones et al., 2006) First use in a new paragraph: –Jones et al. (2003)

Different Sources That Could Be Confused When Shortened Jones, Jackson, Martin, Howard, and Simms (1999)  Jones et al. (1999) Jones, Madison, Howard, and Brown (1999)  Jones et al. (1999) Jones, Jackson, et al. (1999) Jones, Madison, et al. (1999)

More Than One Source... interactions between youth and their parents (De Kemp, Scholte, Overbeck, & Engles, 2006; Mount & Steinberg, 1995; Walker-Barnes & Mason, 2001; Walker- Barnes & Mason, 2004). The order of authors in parenthetical citations is alphabetical (identical to the reference page).

Secondary Sources Did you actually read the original reference? Smith (1978) originally found that...is more likely (as cited in James & Andrews, 2001)

Quotations When quoting from a source, “if the quotation comprises fewer than 40, incorporate it into text and enclose with double quotation marks” (APA, 2009, p. 170). Quotes in the middle of a sentence have (p. #) directly after the quote

Quotations Quotes with 40 or more words appear as an indented block. The citation information follows the punctuation of the quote.