Evidence for Evolution

Evolution Evidence for Evolution 1.Fossil evidence –petrified or preserved specimen in things like: ice, amber, sand, clay some are extinct remains of the hard parts of organisms

Evolution Evidence for Evolution Fossil evidence relative dating –older fossils are found in the lower layers of rock while younger fossils are found in upper layers of rock –can be used to figure out when organisms lived

Evolution Evidence for Evolution Fossil evidence radiometric dating –uses the rate of decaying radioactive isotopes to determine age of fossils –carbon dating looks at the amount of C 14 to amount of C 12 in a fossil

Evolution Evidence for Evolution 2.Genetics DNA/RNA mutations gene pool –entire collection of genes in a population

Evolution Evidence for Evolution 3.Comparative Embryology embryology- similarities among the young embryos suggest evolution from a common ancestor All have tail, eyes, gill slits, appendages For 6: gill slits disappar, tail shortens For 4: soft skin develops, hair starts to grow

Evolution Evidence for Evolution 4.Comparative Biochemistry looking for similarities and differences in specific macromolecules –antibodies –hemoglobins

Evolution Evidence for Evolution 5.Anatomy homologous structures –structural features with a common origin analogous structures –body parts of organisms that do not have a common evolutionary origin but have similar functions vestigial structure –a body structure that has no function in a present-day organism but was once “useful” to an ancestor

Evolution Evidence for Evolution 5.Anatomy homologous structures

Evolution Evidence for Evolution 5.Anatomy vestigial structure

Evolution Evidence for Evolution More examples mimicry: structural adaptation that enables one species to resemble another camouflage: adaptation that allows a species to blend into their surroundings antibiotic resistance: bacteria which have developed an immunity to antibiotic drugs

Evolution Evidence for Evolution More examples

Evolution Evidence for Evolution More examples

Evolution Evidence for Evolution More examples

Barreleye fishBarreleye fishMacropinna microstoma

Lice and human evolution

Population Genetics Vocab list gene pool allele frequency genetic equilibrium genetic drift gene flow stabilizing selection directional selection disruptive selection speciation geographic isolation reproductive isolation gradualism punctuated equilibrium adaptive radiation divergent evolution convergent evolution coevolution