Infograph Activity A. Read Pg Take notes What led to the Bolshevik Revolution (Russian Revolution).”

Infograph Activity B Working with your partners you will create a graphic organizer Bolshevik Revolution Use your notes

Rise of Soviet Union FALL OF RUSSIAN EMPIRE

Topic Questions What were the major issues that led to the Russian/ Bolshevik Revolution? Do you think the Russian Revolution helped address those issues?

Romanov Tsar of Russia House of Romanov, Last Imperial Dynasty of Russia ( ) Tsar Nicholas II The last Tsar (King/Emperor) of Russia

Slow to Industrialization – Unlike its neighboring empires, Russia was slow to industrialize. By the 20 th century, great majority of Russians still worked in farms as peasants. – Feudalism was very much enact in the Russian empire Poverty – Failure of capitalism led to economic problems – Peasants and industrial workers lived in extreme poverty – Only a few have power and live luxurious lives: Nobles, priests, and the royal family Autocratic rule – The Tsar held absolute power – The Tsar and the Russian officials used the secret police to maintain order of their subjects through fear and coercion – Oppressed revolutionaries and reformers wanted to change the government Nationality problem – Russian empire included multi-ethnic empire – Non-Russian cultures were tolerated in the empire but not respected

Revolution of 1905 Mass political unrest took place all over the empire-- worker strikes, peasant unrest, and military mutinies The Duma, a legislative body was created. The Russian Constitution was created. – 1906 Russia became a Constitutional Monarchy – Limited Constitutional Monarchy

World War I Russia enters the War to protect Bosnia and Serbia. Initially, the Russian people were happy to fight for their empire and their Czar. Traditional duties of the Czar compelled Nicholas II to lead the Russian army. Russians fought the Germans in the Eastern Front. – Poorly Equipped – Poor Transportation – Poor Commanding – Russians suffered the highest casualties

World War I (At Home) Tsarina Alexandra was put in charge at home – German born (who were the Russians fighting in war?) Poverty and war shortages (food and fuel) – How much money did the Iraq and Afghanistan cost? Gregory Rasputin – Con-man – Self proclaimed holy man – drunkard – Womanizer – Assassinated

A New Russia March (Feb) Revolution – Unhappy Russians took to the streets in protest (later joined by the army) – Unhappy with the increase of food prices and rationing – Unhappy with the War – Unhappy with the Tsar’s leadership Tsar Nicholas II was forced to return home, where he abdicated his position in 1917 – He and his family were put under house-arrest Temporary Provisional Government was put into place – It was led by Alexander Kerensky – It decided to continue the unpopular war

A New Russia Soviets “Councils” – Small government bodies made up of representatives from workers and soldiers – Many Soviets challenged the authority of the provisional government – Mostly made up socialists and radicals One of the Soviets that would become the dominant force was called the Bolsheviks – Revolutionary Marxist Group November (Oct) Revolution—Bolsheviks takeover the government

Review: Karl Marx Philosopher “Father of Communism” Anti-Capitalism – Capitalism made people greedy, devalued human capacity, created social and economic inequality, and was one of the key causes of imperialism Industrial working class would rise and overthrow capitalism Marxists like the Bolsheviks wanted to create a classless society

Vladimir Lenin Leader of the Bolsheviks He believed that revolution was necessary to end capitalism He promised to end the war – He promised “Peace, land, bread” – Popularity and membership of the party grew October Revolution – Under his leadership the Bolsheviks overthrew the provisional government – They renamed themselves the Communists

Vladimir Lenin Red Police “Cheka” – Secret police was created and used to destroy opposition – “Red Terror” War Communism– government had complete economic control – Droughts and famine – 5 million died New Economic Policy (NEP)— Government allowed controlled capitalism

Russian Civil War Red Army: well trained Bolshevik army White army : anti- Bolshevik army – Old Imperial Generals – Poland, Estonia, Latvia – Mensheviks – Support from Britain, France, & US

Assassination of the Royal Family

Legend of Anastasia Romanov

Soviet Union Bolsheviks change their name to Communists Communists became the sole dominant party – Communism – Socialism in which one political party has complete power Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)– Soviet Union

Who was next in line?

Leon Trotsky Marxist Revolutionary Top ranking Bolshevik Commissar of War and the founder and first leader of the Red Army Organized Oct Revolution One of the founding father of the Soviet Union – Hero of Soviet Union

Joseph Stalin Part of Politburo: committee that made laws Rivals with Trotsky Held position as the General Secretary – Appointed officials

1929: eliminated Bolsheviks (opponents) – Exiled and assassinated Trotsky Five Year Plan – Transformed Soviet Union in to an industrial society Collectivization – policy in which the Soviet Union destroyed private farms and took control of all the previous farm lands. – Government collected crops and cattle from the farmers – Many farmers resisted by destroying their own crops and cattle – 10 million peasants died due to famine

Holodomor “Hunger extermination” – man-made famine in the USSR 1932 and 1933 – Stopped transportation of food – killed an estimated 2.5–7.5 million in Ukraine alone

Result: Great Purge – Mass removal of communist and government members – Anybody who could pose political threat were removed (Generals and Central Party Members) – Civilians – 8 million men and women were arrested – Many were sent to forced labor camps called Gulags

Animal Farm