* Interpret primary sources. * Describe the steps which led to the Russian Revolution * Interpret primary sources. * Describe the steps which led to the Russian Revolution Russian Revolution Russian Revolution

Analyzing primary sources: * Describe how each of the primary Analyzing primary sources: * Describe how each of the primary source documents illustrate a particular source documents illustrate a particular problem, issue or tension in Russia: problem, issue or tension in Russia: 1. “Souls at Stake” “The White Livered Czar” “Liquidation of the Kulaks” “You Were Always…” “Russian Royal House”

Immediate Causes Russian Army lacked supplies for WWI Tsar resisted calls to share power with the Duma, so leadership was divided. the Duma, so leadership was divided. Nicholas goes to the war front leaving Rasputin the“Mad Monk” to advise Rasputin the“Mad Monk” to advise“Mad Monk”“Mad Monk” Alexandra in 9/1915. Alexandra in 9/1915. Won their trust by claiming to be able to cure their son of hemophiliaWon their trust by claiming to be able to cure their son of hemophilia Finally in 12/1916 a group of military generals assassinate Rasputin.Finally in 12/1916 a group of military generals assassinate Rasputin. Strikes, riots and a mutiny in the army break out during the winter of break out during the winter of St. Petersburg due to shortages. St. Petersburg due to shortages. Rasputin Factors Leading to the Fall of Tsarist Russia

Russo-Japanese War Bloody Sunday Oppression of the serfs Class inequalities Autocracy of tsars Defeat in Crimean War Rise of Marxism Long Term Causes Factors Leading to the Fall of Tsarist Russia

Revolution ! AbdicationAbdication of Nicholas II in March,1917. Abdication The Duma forms a “Provisional Government” in Russia to replace the Czar in May, 1917: – Provisional Government led by Socialist Alexander Kerensky. Socialist Alexander Kerensky. – It also shared power with the Petrograd Soviet. Petrograd Soviet. –“Army Order No. 1” which stripped all officers of their authority, placing officers of their authority, placing command in the hands of “elected” command in the hands of “elected” committees of common soldiers. committees of common soldiers.

Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution Vladimir Lenin –Background –Political ideas included: Violent Marxist revolution Socialist revolution even in a backward Russia could occur could occur “Human leadership” made revolution Lenin faced opposition to his party from within: –Bolsheviks were the majority (Lenin’s group) who wanted a small, elitist, disciplined party. –Mensheviks wanted more of a democratic party with mass membership 4/1917, the Germans smuggle Lenin back into Russia. –Leads a failed coup to overthrow Kerensky’s government 7/1917 and then goes into hiding. 7/1917 Kornilov Rebellion fails in 9/1917 but further weakens the Provisional Government of Kerensky. the Provisional Government of Kerensky.

Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution 11/1917 Leon Trotsky of the Petrograd Soviet seizes power from Provisional Government and turns control power from Provisional Government and turns control over to Lenin. over to Lenin.

Reasons for Bolshevik success: Bolsheviks came to power because: –Bolsheviks provided an answer to anarchy –Superior leadership –Appealed to those exhausted by war Kept power through: –Legalized peasant seizures of land –Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (3/1918) ended Russia’s involvement in World War I. involvement in World War I. –Dispersed by FORCE the Constituent Assembly when their rivals, the“Social Revolutionaries” won a majority in the Constituent Assembly.

Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution Civil War erupts between the “Whites” and “Reds”, the Reds the “Whites” and “Reds”, the Reds win due to: win due to: –Used “War Communism” –White opponents were divided –Trotsky created a superior army –Bosheviks used Cheka to instill terror among the population. –Allied intervention against the Bolsheviks increased Russian nationalism.

Turn to the last page of the handout: Part B: “Every successful revolution puts on “Every successful revolution puts on in time the robes of the tyrant it has in time the robes of the tyrant it has deposed.” deposed.”

Long Terms Effects Establishment of communist state New economic policy Formation of USSR Dictatorship under Communist party Later (much later), the seeds of Cold War !