Transportation Planning and Design in Practice Presented by Dr. Adiele Nwankwo, Ph.D Senior Vice-President, Parsons Brinckerhoff at the Developing Sustainable Transportation Systems US/Africa Workshop August 26 – 27, 2009 Naura Springs Hotel Arusha, Tanzania

“Current Transport Inefficiencies Create High Transportation Costs” Transportation costs in Africa are among the highest in the World. In many African Countries, transportation costs represent 33 to 52 percent of the value of exports

Major Cities in Developing Countries Experience Significant Congestion Problems

Traffic Accidents Lead to Tremendous Loss of Lives

Transportation Investment Creates Capacity, Efficiency and Reliability Reduces Transportation Costs Reduces Transit Times Presents Opportunities for Business Expansion Increases Productivity Higher Competitiveness

Modes of Coordinated Transportation System Roadways Transit Airways Seaports Motorcycle/Bike Paths Etc.

Rivers and Canals The first stage of the industrial revolution was linked to the development of canal systems in Western Europe and North America to transport heavy goods. This permitted the development of rudimentary and constrained inland distribution systems.

Seaports Linked with the early stages of European expansion from the 16th to the 18th centuries. Ports supported the development of international trade through colonial empires, but were constrained by limited inland access

Railways The second stage of industrial revolution in the 19th century was intimately linked to the development and implementation of rail systems Allowed a more flexible inland transportation system.

Roadways The 20th century saw the development of road transportation systems and automobile manufacturing. Individual transportation became a commodity available to the masses, especially after the Second World War. This process was reinforced by the development of highway systems.

Airways The later part of the 20th century saw the development of global air networks Fueled by Globalization of economic activities. Electronic communications supported transport functions, especially in realm of logistics and supply chain management.

Transit Sub-Modes Personalized Transit Systems Bus Transit Bus Rapid Transit Streetcars Fixed Guideway Vehicles Light Rail System Heavy Rail Commuter Rail

Personalized Transit System/ Transit On Demand

Bus Transit

LAMATA BRT Buses – Ojota Depot LAMATA Bus Shelter – Ilupeju Bus Rapid Transit Premium transit using rubber tire vehicles Dedicated running way Fewer stops than local bus Distinct stations, vehicles, and systems Allows flexibility to operate multiple routes LAMATA BRT Buses – Ojota Depot LAMATA Bus Shelter – Ilupeju

Streetcar or Light Rail Transit Street Car or Light Rail Vehicle: An electrically propelled rail vehicle operated singly or in trains on shared, semi exclusive, or exclusive right-of-way

Fixed Guideway Vehicles Automated guideway small and medium-sized vehicles that operate fully automatically on guideways with exclusive rights-of-way Typically on a loop or as a shuttle within central business districts, airports or other high activity centers

Light Rail Transit Modern version of traditional streetcars May operate alongside auto, rail traffic Reduces costs Increases travel time Stations 1∕3-1½ miles apart

Heavy Rail The term heavy rail is often used for regular rail, to distinguish from systems such as light rail, monorail, Street car etc. Heavy rail typically refers to the standard inter-city rail network, which is built to be robust enough for heavy and high-speed trains, including freight trains, and long distance passenger trains.

Commuter Rail Transit Similar to passenger railroad service Existing railroads with improvements Sidings Additional tracks Long-distance commuting Stations 1½ -5 miles apart

Functional Classification of Roads Figure II-1 Channelization of Trips http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/fcsec2_1.htm

Functional Classification of Roads Figure II-2 Schematic Illustration of a Functionally Classified Rural Highway Network

Functional Classification of Roads Figure II-3 Schematic of a Portion of an Urban Street Network

Functional Classification of Roads Figure II-4

Functional Classification of Roads Table II-1 -- The Hierarchy of functional systems Rural areas Urbanized areas Small Urban areas Principal arterials Minor arterial roads Collector roads Local roads Principal arterials Minor arterial streets Collector streets Local streets

Steps to Transforming East Africa Community Economies Develop Comprehensive Transportation Plan Employ Appropriate Technology to Manage Infrastructure development and Maintenance Seek Innovative Funding Strategies Encourage Public-Private Partnerships

Thank You Questions?