Immigration & Urbanization

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Presentation transcript:

Immigration & Urbanization 13.2

First Wave of Immigrants 1840 – 1860: Over 4 million immigrants came to the USA Most were from North West Europe

Irish Flee the Potato Famine 1840 – 1855: 1 million Irish die of starvation while 2 million flee to the USA Were very poor; settled in cities of Northeast Created 1st large Catholic communities in USA = dealt with discrimination

Germans & Scandinavians Flee from War & Revolution Mixture of Protestant, Catholic, & Jewish populations Many moved to Midwest to farm. Jewish communities remained in Northeast

Nativist Response Many Native-born white Protestant Americans felt threatened by immigrants for economic & cultural reasons. Irish were particularly targeted for their Catholicism Know-Nothing Party: Nativist political party that gained control of MA legislature in 1850s = excluded Catholics!

Growth of Cities = Urbanization Industry encourages immigration & migration to American cities Middle Class: Merchants, manufacturers, educated professionals, & master craftsmen Entertainment and leisure followed the influx into the cities

Urban Problems Immigrants, minorities, & poor were forced to live in filthy, crowded, and dangerous neighborhoods. Tenements: overcrowded & poorly built apartment buildings with no sanitation or ventilation. Cities did not have zoning laws or health codes.