Packet Centric Transport in NG Hybrid TDM/Packet/WDM Transport Networks Alcatel-Lucent PowerPoint Design Guidelines When necessary Portfolio/Program Name can wrap to a second or third line to maintain consistent typographic spec For title slide only, a 5% gray background has been added General specifications Page Setup set to “On Screen” format Update footer to include appropriate “Portfolio/Program Name” Ensure that only one font “Trebuchet” is used throughout. Following pages provide font sizes for text and graphic pages. Ensure all text boxes sit in proper location. Sometimes the automatic PowerPoint settings are not exact Titles on slides, Agenda and Division pages use “Title Case” Text is set predominantly with regular weight. Bold Trebuchet is used to highlight key words or phases When a slide has more text than comfortable fits on the page using standard font sizes, treat this instance as an exemption and reduce the font size of the entire block until it fits For graphic only slides, use as much of the object area as possible to enhance legibility and emphasis Slides with multiple logos should be adjusted so all logos appear visually equal in size and weight Please remove any tinted or light color backgrounds from slides other than Agenda and Division slides Enrique Hernandez-Valencia Alcatel-Lucent Optics CTO Group Internet 2 - Summer 2007 Joint Techs Workshop Fermilab - Batavia, IL July 15-18, 2007.

1. Transport Network Evolution Drivers NG Hybrid Transport Node Models Agenda 1. Transport Network Evolution Drivers NG Hybrid Transport Node Models Packet Transport Framework Closing Remarks Agenda Pages This page allows for the listing of the sections within a presentation.

Transport Network Evolution Drivers In an All-IP, blended services world, traffic must be aggregated and transported over distance with high resiliency at the lowest cost per bit Application service layer convergence on IP Transport service layer moving to Packets Service Drivers Fix/Mobile Convergence Bus/Res 3-Play Switched Ethernet Internet Access Switched Ethernet Bus/Res 3-Play Switched Ethernet Transport Network Investments (Aggregation) Core Hybrid Packet Transport SDH/SONET SDH/SONET SDH/SONET SDH/SONET NG Packet Transport Metro EoS Carrier Ethernet (e.g. MPLS) EoS T-ROADM Access EoS Enterprise Ethernet ROADM 2000 2003 2006 2009

Transport Network Equipment – Requirements & Enablers Reliable aggregation and transport of any client traffic type, in any scale, at the lowest cost per bit Scalability Ability to support any number of client traffic instances whatever network size, from access to core Multi-service Ability to deliver any type of client traffic (transparency to service) Quality Ability to ensure that client traffic is reliably delivered at monitored e2e performance Cost-Efficiency Acting as server layer for all the rest by keeping processing complexity low and operations easy Networking Layering Domain Partitioning Client agnosticism (any L1, L2, L3) Connection oriented OAM, resiliency Traffic engineering, resource reservation CAPEX: low protocol complexity OPEX: multilayer operations across Packets/TDM/λ Transport values have evolved through long TDM evolution They hold through transition to packets

Hybrid Architecture for Next-Generation Transport Client Processing decoupled from Switching Universal Switching Integrated TDM/Packet switching architecture Switching synch traffic (circuits) or asynch traffic (packets) in native format (technology-independent) Non-stop forwarding (not affected by traffic congestion) Photonic Universal TDM/Packet Switch Specific Traffic Processing Line Cards Technology-dependent traffic line cards Host tech specific traffic processing functions (classification, policing, perf. monitoring, OAM, etc) Open to any packet-based transport protocol, focused around carrier grade layer 2 transport such as Ethernet Provider Bridging & T-MPLS PKT TDM TDM TDM PKT PKT Photonics Integration CWDM/DWDM, OADM, Mux/Demux, Transponders ROADM, OTH

Seamless Network Transformation to All-Packet Transport MSPP model Carrier Ethernet transport model SONET/SDH model Native switching of synch traffic (circuits) and asynch traffic (packets) Universal Switch Universal Switch Universal Switch C/D-WDM ROADM OC-192 STM-64 OC-192 STM-64 C/D-WDM ROADM Photonic card STM-1 OC-3 E1/DS1 GE FE 10GE GE/FE 10GE TDM card Packet card 10GE 100% Circuit 100% Packet Any Traffic Mix Freedom in planning network resources, reduced investment risk Cost-optimized network consolidation

Hybrid-Fabric Approaches Dual Packet-TDM Fabric Attributes: Dual TDM/Packet Star Separate TDM/Packet backplane traces Advantages: Native TDM (e.g. crossbar) and Packet (e.g., self-routed) fabrics support & feature set Leverage OTS components Drawbacks: Duplicated modules (cost & footprint) Duplicated backplane traces (CAPEX) Independent subsystem technologies to be managed (OPEX) TDM Card XSFP Mapper/ Framer TDM BP Int. TDM Card XSFP Mapper/ Framer TDM BP Int. Packet Card XSFP NPU & TM Packet BP Int. Packet Card XSFP NPU & TM Packet BP Int.

Hybrid-Fabric Approaches Central Packet Fabric Attributes: Single packet fabric instance Single-set of backplane traces TDM emulation toward fabric Advantages: Leverage OTS packet processing components Single (packet-oriented) control framework Drawbacks: Stringent packet/cell processing constraints to support TDM traffic emulation requirements Higher TDM card cost from CE functions TDM Card XSFP Mapper/ Framer CES BP Int. TDM Card XSFP Mapper/ Framer CES BP Int. Packet Card XSFP NPU & TM Packet BP Int. Packet Card XSFP NPU & TM Packet BP Int.

Hybrid-Fabric Approaches Central TDM Fabric Attributes: Single TDM fabric instance Single-set of backplane traces Arbitrated TDM fabric access Advantages: Native synchronous fabric (low cost) Single TDM-oriented control framework Drawbacks: More complex fabric access arbitration for packet cards Fabric scaling to higher data rates? TDM Card XSFP Mapper/ Framer TDM BP Int. TDM Card XSFP Mapper/ Framer TDM BP Int. Packet Card XSFP NPU & TM Packet BP Int. Packet Card XSFP NPU & TM Packet BP Int.

Hybrid-Fabric Approaches Tradeoffs Key hybrid-fabric tradeoffs: Parallel Packet-based and TDM-based solution achieve high functionality with low component integration (multiple devices) and, hence, higher cost Packet-based solutions require TDM-to-packet conversion on I/O Ports – High Cost – and greater performance budget (jitter and delay sensitivity) w.r.t TDM service TDM-based solution delivers compatible with TDM performances w/o penalties on costs & provide option for interoperation with TDM only I/O TDM TDM Extra Cost on Data boards, Full or partial board capacity Packet Packet A Multi-Service TDM fabric allows flexible and cost-effective cross-connection of SONET and G.709 OTN) containers and..... Packet Switching!

I/O & Agnostic TDM Fabric Connectivity: A typical Implementation TDM/WDM Line Card TDM/WDM Line Card Connection between TDM/WDM Line Card Input/Output ports are Static There is a static 1-to-1 relationship between input port signal and output port signal I1 O1 SXY SIO(t) = 1, if I=X and O=Y  t 0, otherwise Universal Switch Packet Line Card Connection between Packet Line Cards are Dynamic to allow packet aggregation There is a dynamic N-to-1 relationship between input port signal and output port signal (e.g., re-arrangeable CLOS) SIO(t) = 1, if I=X and O=R(t) 0, otherwise SUV IN ON Fabric Access controller

Packet Transport Aggregation Framework Based on a connection-oriented packet switching (CO-PS) model Intended as a carrier grade all-packet transport technology Packet-oriented forwarding Complemented with comprehensive OAM and resiliency capabilities Profiled after the L2 aspects of IETF MPLS technology Synergy with IETF IP/MPLS-based service networks and models (inc. multipoint emulation via VPLS/H-VPLS) Simpler in forwarding scope, less complex in operations (no native IP forwarding) Can operate independently of their clients (e.g., Ethernet, IP/MPLS, etc.) and associated control networks (management and signaling) Being specified under ITU-S Study Group 15 (Rec. G.8110.1) & IETF PWE3 (as “MPLS Transport”) IP/MPLS Ethernet Others T-MPLS Channel (PWE3 based) Optical-Packet Transport Network T-MPLS Link/Section T-MPLS Path/

Control Plane Directions: ASON/GMPLS GMPLS proposed as the single generalized distributed control plane to be used form common control protocol for multiple networking technologies environment, including Packets, TDM/Optical and/or Photonics GMPLS already define support for: UNI, I-NNI and E-NNI interfaces (thus easing overlay dynamic approach) Bidirectional & Unidirectional paths GMPLS also allows for separation of data plane and control plane Only control interfaces are used to flood control information GMPLS allows for “horizontal” scalability in routing domains (thanks to separation of data plane and control plane and recursive topology) GMPLS allows for “vertical” scalability (same control plane across photonic, TDM and packet layers) GMPLS is the ideal control plane for multilayered networks

Hybrid Transport-Switch implementation Transport instance target vision General Transport Switch architecture Typical Core node implementation Typical WDM node implementation Typical metro node implementation CBR (2,5Gb/s) CBR (<2,5Gb/s) Packets Lambda (ALU colored) CBR CBR - ODU CBR – SDH L2/L3 -Packet ODU switch SDH switch MPLS switch CBR - ODU ODU - ODU SDH - ODU TMPLS - ODU ODU - lambda ODU - lambda ODU - lambda ODU - lambda Och Switch Line

An Scalable Hybrid Transport Architecture Transport Service Switch Carrier Ethernet/MPLS Transport Generalized MPLS Control Plane (G-MPLS) Optical Transport Hierarchy (G.709) SDH/SONET TDM Och ODU TDM Service T-MPLS Service WDM STM-n/OC-x Servers VC/VT Clients WDM Servers Ethernet Clients OAM OAM Circuit Transport Packet / Photonic Transport Purposely designed for carrier-grade Packet Transport Networking Synthesis of best-in-class packet (IETF) and transport (ITU) features MPLS profiled, but transport-oriented (wrt. OAM/Resiliency/PM) Client-independent, medium-independent (Multi-service) Scalable forwarding, control/management planes (via ASON/GMPLS) Cost-effective (simple forwarding & comprehensive operations capabilities)

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