Fig 1 Anatomy.

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Presentation transcript:

Fig 1 Anatomy

FS AE PE UP MT MS IT FS frontal sinus; UP uncinate process; IT inferior turbinate; MT middle turbinate; MS maxillary sinus; AE anterior ethmoid; PE posterior ethmoid

AE PE SS AE anterior ethmoid; PE posterior ethmoid; SS sphenoid sinus;

Fig 3

Massive polyclonal lymphocyte activation Fig 4 Massive polyclonal lymphocyte activation Epithelial damage (barrier dysfunction) B T Hyper IgE  Cytokines  Polyclonal IgE chronic microbial trigger Albumin Superantigens Eosinophils  ( apoptosis) IL-5 Chemokines Eotaxin ECP

Diagnosis: Nasal polyposis Fig 5 Diagnosis: Nasal polyposis Not obstructiv Obstructiv, anosmia, asthma Topical GCS bid., after symptom control OD for 3 months Oral GCS (decreasing scheme), topical GCS bid., evtl. antibiotics Symptom control ? Abb. 2: Therapieschema bei Polyposis nasi Yes No Combination treatment necessary Longterm therapy with topical GCS Surgery No Yes

Three month of topical steroid treatment: Before treatment Patient VGC Three month of topical steroid treatment: Before treatment Right side left side Symptoms: Obstructed nasal passage, secretion, impaired sense of smell mild secretion, nasal passage free After treatment: right side left side Die 43-jährige Patientin hatte eine zunehmende nasale Obstruktion und Sekretion sowie eine Riechstörung seit ca. einem halben Jahr bemerkt. Kopfschmerzen oder Druckgefühl über den Nasennebenhöhlen wurde nicht angegeben. Anamnestisch ergaben sich keine Auffälligkeiten, eine typische Sinusitis-Anamnese mit rezidivierenden Episoden von akuter Sinusitis konnte nicht erhoben werden. Kein Asthma, Hautteste auf inhalative Allergene negativ. Bislang keine Therapie der Nasenbeschwerden. Bei der endoskopischen Untersuchung fanden sich Polypen in beiden mittleren Nasengängen, rechts mehr als links. Keine auffällige Sekretion, Nasenscheidewand im Normbereich. Es lag eine Hyposmie vor, der Geschmackstest war normal. Die Patientin erhielt Mometason-Nasenspray für 3 Monate, zunächst 2x200 mg bis zur Symptombesserung, dann 200 mg einmal täglich. Die richtige Anwendung des Nasenspray wurde erläutert. Nach 10 Wochen stellte sich die Patientin zur Kontrolle vor, sie klagte noch über eine geringe Sekretion aus der Nase. Das Riechvermögen hatte sich gebessert, die Nasenatmung war frei. Die Patientin hatte das Nasenspray gut vertragen, und demonstrierte die Anwendung des Sprays korrekt. Die Therapie mit mometason wurde daher in einer Dosierung von 200 mg täglich fortgesetzt. Fig 6

Inhibition of ventilation and drainage Increased mucosal thickness Fig 7 Ostium Occlusion Inhibition of ventilation and drainage Increased mucosal thickness Inflammation of the lamina propria Stagnation of secretion Change in the composition and pH of secretion Change of the host milieu Bacteria become pathogenic Change of the mucosal gas metabolism Ciliary and epithelial damage

Common cold or acute rhinosinusitis? Fig 8 Common cold or acute rhinosinusitis? Viral Rhinitis/ Common cold Acute Rhinosinusitis/ Increase in symptoms after 5 days Symptoms exeed 10 days Symptoms 5 10 15 Days Acute rhinosinusitis may be diagnosed when a common cold gets more symptomatic after 5 days or persists longer than 10 days. Less then 4 % of the patients have a bacterial form of ARS, most of ARS episodes are viral.

Orbital complication of an acute ethmoiditis in a 9-year old girl. Subperiostal abscess. Fig 9 Mit freundlicher Genehmigung von C. Bachert