Section 6.3 Reactions of Acids and Bases SNC2DP MRS. FRANKLIN

Acid and Base Reactions o Most reactions involving acids and bases are a type of Double Displacement Reactions. o The cations will displace one another and bind to the anion o When acids and bases are involved, these reactions are known as ‘N EUTRALIZATION R EACTIONS ’

In neutralization reactions the reactants and products consist of the following: ◦Reactants: Acid + Base ◦Products : salt + Water Neutralization Reactions

Write a balanced chemical equation and determine the products of the following reactions: a) Phosphoric acid neutralized a potassium hydroxide solution. b) Hydrobromic acid neutralizes a calcium hydroxide solution. c) Sulfurous acid neutralized a lithium hydroxide solution. L ET ’ S P RACTICE

o The cells that line your stomach release HCl to help in the process of digestion. o At times there can be an overproduction of HCl which causes it to move up the esophagus and cause acid reflux (i.e heart burn) o Antacids contain a mild base which can help neutralize the excess acid produced by the stomach. Application 1: Antacids

o Whenever there is an acid spill, one must respond quickly to minimize the danger associated with the spill. o An alkaline product can be added to the acid spill in order to neutralize it. Application 2: Acid Spills The railroad tanker derailed and spilled L of sulfuric acid into the river. Calcium hydroxide was added to the ricer to help neutralize the spill.

What is Acid Rain? o Acid rain: o Acid rain is usually caused by an excess amount of sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide that is released from cars and industries. Application 3: Acid Rain

1) CO 2 in the air: The carbon dioxide released from cars reacts with water in the air to produce carbonic acid. CO 2 (g) + H 2 O (l) H 2 CO 3 (aq) Causes of Acid Rain Note: this is a synthesis reactions between a metal and a non-metal

2) Nitrogen Oxides: The car engine’s temperature may cause nitrogen to react with oxygen and produce nitrogen oxides (NO x ) The nitrogen oxides that are released from the exhaust can in turn react with water to produce nitric acid. NO 2 (g) + H 2 O (l) HNO 3 (aq) Causes of Acid Rain

Acid Rain tends to greatly affect the regions of the Canadian Shield. Most of the soils in the Canadian shield are made of granite which do not have basic (alkaline) properties to counteract the effects of acid rain. Western Canada has limestone rock which has a natural basicity and can neutralize the effects of acid rain. Effects of Acid Rain

o Complete the worksheets given in class o Complete the review package for the Unit Test Homework