The Digestive System. Digestive System Alimentary canal Accessory digestive organs 6 essential activities Regulation (mechanical and chemical stimuli)

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Presentation transcript:

The Digestive System

Digestive System Alimentary canal Accessory digestive organs 6 essential activities Regulation (mechanical and chemical stimuli) Extrinsic control Intrinsic control

Histology of the Alimentary Canal The mucus secretions Functions Functions Cells Cells Mucosa 3 functions Consists of three layers: a lining epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae

Lamina Propria Muscularis mucosae Mucosa: Lamina Propria and Muscularis Mucosae Other layers Submucosa Muscularis externa Serosa

Mouth Oral or buccal cavity Epitheliumcharacteristic Salivary Glands 4 functions 3 (pair) Extrinsic salivary glands Intrinsic salivary glands

Digestive Processes in the Mouth Pharynx Food and fluids to the esophagus Food and fluids to the esophagus Cells Cells Esophagus Muscular tube, Muscularis changes enroute

Stomach chymeRegions Nerve supply Blood supply Muscles of stomach 

Microscopic Anatomy of the Stomach Epithelial lining Gastric pits

Glands of the Stomach Fundus and Body Gastric glands  Parietal  Mucous neck cells  Chief cells  Enteroendocrine cells – secrete gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin (CCK), and somatostatin into the lamina propria

Small Intestine: Microscopic Anatomy Plicae circulares Plicae circulares Villi Villi Microvilli Microvilli Structural modifications:  Cells and structures

Liver CellsFunctions Hepatic Artery and Hepatic Portal Vein and Hepatic Portal Vein

The Gallbladder  Function of gallbladder  Bile  Function of bile  GallstonesBile bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, neutral fats, phospholipids, and electrolytes

Regulation of Bile Release

Pancreas Endocrine function Islets of Langerhans Islets of Langerhans Exocrine function Acini Cells Acini Cells Pancreatic Juice and enzymes

Regulation of Pancreatic Secretion

Large Intestine CellsFunctions Bacterial Flora

Digestive phases: Overlapping OverlappingCephalicGastricIntestinal

Nutrition NutrientsMineralsVitamins

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