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3 Lens The picture is formed and focused through the lens onto the film. Aperture This is basically a ‘hole’ through which light is passed by the lens onto the film. Shutter The shutter allows light from the lens to hit the film thus exposing the film. The length of time the shutter is open depends on the setting selected by the shutter speed control

4 Shutter Release Opens the shutter for the duration specified by the shutter speed control Shutter Speed Control This sets the length of time that the shutter is open for. Viewfinder This allows the photographer to view the image

CAMERA BASICS Most important controls on the 35 mm camera F-Stop Shutter Speed Focusing Ring 5

CAMERA BASICS 6 F-Stop controls the size of the aperture opening. Shutter Speed controls how long the aperture is open Focusing Ring controls the focus of the lens

Controls HOW MUCH LIGHT IS let into the camera.  Represents the aperture opening  Ranges from 1.8 to 32  A higher number (i.e. 32) means smaller opening.  A lower number (i.e. 1.8) means a larger opening. F-STOP 7

HIGHER F-stop (i.e. 32) ADVANTAGES Increased depth of field, i.e. image background is not blurry DISADVANTAGES Needs more light, i.e. slower shutter speed. F-STOP 8

LOWER F-STOP (i.e. F1.8) ADVANTAGES Lets plenty of light in! Better to use in darker settings. Less blurry since faster shutter speed may be needed to compensate for more light. DISADVANTAGES No depth of field, i.e. background of image likely out of focus. 9

10 Fast Shutter Speed 500 Long Shutter Speed 125

MEASURES HOW LONG THE APERTURE IS OPEN/LIGHT IS LET INTO THE FILM/CAMERA  125 means 1/125 of a second  Higher the number the shorter the time  Longer times gives more depth of field. SHUTTER SPEED 11

FASTER SPEED ADVANTAGES  Sporting events, bright light environments. DISADVANTAGES  Less time for light to enter camera  Requires bright conditions SHUTTER SPEED 12

SLOWER SPEED ADVANTAGES  Great for darker conditions (more time for light to enter the camera) DISADVANTAGES  Increased chance of blurriness  Often requires a tripod be used for steadiness. SHUTTER SPEED 13

Shutter Speed 1/125 of a Second 14

Shutter Speed 1/15 of of a second 15

 Traditional cameras use film of different sensitivities. It is measured by its ISO number:  Slower speed (i.e. 64) is good for enlarging but requires bright light and/or slow shutter speed and/or lower F-stop  Faster Film (i.e. 400) is poor for enlarging but needs less light and thus good for indoor photography FILM SPEED 16

 Be aware of ‘backlighting’, i.e. a bright background will make your subject appear ‘dark’  Best to have the light on the subject from behind you for proper lighting  Take photos in early morning/late afternoon for dramatic shadows- The “Golden Hours”  Frame your subject in the viewfinder and use the ‘rule of thirds’ when framing your subject TIPS ON TAKING PHOTOS 17